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Oscar Quiroz Period 5 A&P cardiovascular system - Coggle Diagram
Oscar Quiroz
Period 5 A&P
cardiovascular system
Anatomy of the heart
The pulmonary and systemic circuits.
Right side receives oxygen poor blood from tissues-pulmonary circuit
Left side receives oxygenated blood from lungs-systemic circuit
Right and left atrium's/chambers of the heart.
Right atrium receives blood from the systemic circuit and the left atrium receives blood from the pulmonary circuit.
Left ventricle pumps blood through the systemic circuit and the right ventricle pumps blood through he pulmonary circuit
The size of the heart is the size of a fist, less than 1 pound
and the location is in between the second rib and fifth interstitial space
ABO, blood types
The blood types is that group A has an A antigen and a B antibody
Group B has a B antigen and A antibody
Group AB is when both A and B are antigens but neither is an antibody
Group O does not have A or B antigens but they both have antibodies.
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
The major functions of the cardiovascular system is that it circulates blood and removes carbon dioxide to allow the blood to be oxygenated
The cardiovascular system provides the cells with nutrients
Protects the body from diseases and infections and get's rid of wastes from metabolism
Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to oxygenated the blood with nutrients to the whole body
Major components and functions of blood
The formed elements inside the blood of Erythrocytes are RBC(red blood cells) are filled with hemoglobin and the production is hematopoiesis which is formation of blood cells and occurs in red bone marrow
Erythrocytes disorders, "Anemia" which is a problem than the disease itself and the symptoms are chills,fatigue and pallor and the causes are blood loss or not enough RBC's produced.The reproduction of erythroctyes is it occurs in bone marrow and the requirements for it is that hormone is what stimulates formation of RBC's.
Platelets are fragments of larger megakaryocyte and is involved in blood clotting and the function is forming temporary platelet.The series to stop bleeding is vascular spasm, patelet plug formation and coagulation.Blood transfusions is when the cardiovascular system effects the blood by reducing volume of blood vessels and stepping production of RBC's
Leukocytes WBC(white blood cells) hemoglobin bind reversibly with oxygen and it's function against diseases is leaving capillaries and moving through tissue spaces
The functions of blood are transportation,regulation and protection.The functions of transportation is to deliver O2 and nutrients to the body cells, for regulation is to ,maintain body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat, and for protection is to prevent blood loss including plasma and platelets
Leukopoiesis is a production of WBC's stimulated by two types of chemical messages, that are colony stimulating factors and leukemias can be very fatal without treatment and can be immature, nonfuctional and WBC's flood bloodstream
Layers of heart
The layers of the heart is Epicardium,which is the visceral layer of serous pericardium.
The epicardium is the visceral layer of serous pericardium
The myocardium is the circular/spiral bundles contrastic cardiac muscle cells
The endocardium is the innermost layer and it
contains endothelial lining of blood vessels
The coverings of the heart is pericardium is
double walled sac that surrounds the heart and made of two layers
The parietal layer lines the internal surface of fibrous pericardium and the
visceral layer(epicardium) is on the external surface of the heart.
Blood flow through heart and body
The blood flow of the body is when deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the superior/inferior vena cava to the right atrium then through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle then through the pulmonary valve/artery to the lungs which then the blood is oxygenated through the pulmonary veins to left atrium, bicuspid valve left ventricle to the aortic semilunar valve to aortic arch to the body
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types( arteries, veins and capillaries)
The capillaries is the endothelium with sparse basal lamina
The structure of the blood vessel wall is the first layer is tunica intima is the innermost layer that "intimate" contact with blood.
The second structure of the blood vessel wall is the tunica media which is the sympathetic vasomotor nerve fibers innervate the layer.
The third structure is tunica external is the outermost layer of the wall and it is also called the tunica adventitia
The capillaries are microscopic vessels, diameters that are so small that only a single RBC can pass through that can exchange gases,nutrients,wastes and hormones and capillary beds is a network of interwoven of capillaries between arterioles and venules
The arteries have elastic arteries which are thick walled with large and low resistance lumen and the muscular arteries is the account for most named arteries
The veins are the ones that carry blood and venules along with the venous valves prevents back flow of blood
Cardiac cycle and ECG
The ECG can detect electrical currents generated by the heart and the main features is the P wave that is depolarization of SA node and atria, QRS complex is the ventricular depolarization and repolarization
The T wave is ventricular repolarization, the P-Rinterval is the beginning of atrial excitation to the beginning of ventricular exicatiation
The S-T segment is the entire ventricular myocardium depolarized and Q-T interval is the beginning of ventricular depolarization through ventricular repolarization
The cardiac cycle is when deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium then to the ventricles, to the valves, pulmonary arteries,veins then to the aorta to the lungs for oxygenated blood then throughout the body. Blood flows through the heart during each complete heartbeat and it represents series of pressure and blood volume.
Major blood vessels
The blood vessels are the delivery systems of dynamic structures that begins and goes to the heart.
The aorta is a major blood vessel, because it's what transfers oxygenated blood throughout the whole body.
The superior and inferior vena cava is another major vessel, because after the blood is deoxygenated it goes through those vessels and the cycle begins.
The pulmonary trunk is another major blood vessel,because it's where all the valves are located and what transfers the blood throughout the heart.
The pulmonary veins are important, because they are what transfer the blood to the lungs for the blood to be oxygenated.
Vital signs
Vital signs are blood pressure which was a measuring force per unit exerted on the wall blood and expressed in mm Hg.
Another vital sign is arterial blood pressure which was pressure exerted in aorta during ventricular connection.The pulse is throbbing of arteries due to the difference in pulse pressure
Diastolic pressure is the lowest level of aortic pressure when the heart is at rest.The vital signs is the pulse and blood pressure, along with the respiratory rate and body temp.
The venous blood pressure of venous side requires adaptions to help venous return.
The radical pulse is mostly used and the pressure points is where areas of arteries are close to the body surface.
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
The disorders of the cardiovascular system is that the leukocyte disorder is the over protection of abnormal WBC:leukemias and infectious and mononuleosis
The erythocytes disorders anemia is the sign of problems rather than the disease and the symptoms were fatigue, pallor, chills and dysprea and caused by blood loss or not enough RBC's produced.