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SPAIN, BETWEEN ABSOLUTISM AND LIBERALISM - Coggle Diagram

- - - - first , her mother María Cristina
        
        During the regency period, the foundations for the new liberal regime were laid
        
        Establishment of a constitutional monarchy
        
        bsolutism of the Old Regime was disappearing thanks to the separation of powers
        
        despite the move towards liberalism, the monarchy still maintained a large portion of power
        
        judicial power was in the hands of the courts
        
        Isabel held the executive power
        
        isabel shared the legislative power with the parliament.
        
        Two-party system
        
        moderate party
        
        soverignty
        
        monarch and parliament
        
        suffrage
        
        restricted censitary suffarage
        
        religion
        
        catholism
        
        progressive party
        
        suffrage
        
        less restricted censitary suffarage
        
        soverignty
        
        parliament
        
        religion
        
        freedom of religion
        
        Military victory over the Carlists
        
        2 contenders for the throne
        
        Infante Don Carlos (brother)
        
        different political options
        
        1 more item...
        
        Isabel II (daughter)
        
        Constitutions
        
        Two constitutions
        
        1845
        
        approved by a moderate parliament favoured by the young queen.
        
        1837
        
        written by the progressive parliament, against the regent María Cristina’s wishes
        
        Desamortizaciones
        
        land was expropriated by the state to be sold at public auction
        
        mainly affected
        
        Church
        
        nobility
        
        property owned by city councils
        
        normaly caried out by
        
        progressive governments of Mendizábal and Madoz
        
        thanks to Desamortizaciones the state had the financial resources that it needed
        
        Centralism
        
        moderantism imposed a strongly centralised government.
      - then the General Espartero
  - - - uprising was a coup d’état supported by a combination of political, military and popular action
    - - Bienio Progresista (1854–1856)
        
        The desamortización of Madoz took place and industrial development and the building of railways was promoted
        
        Attempts were made to liberalise politics
        
        moderates were afraid of a revolution, so the queen handed them power.
        
        but within a context of social unrest.
      - Crisis of moderantism (1856–1868)
        
        the Moderate Party and the Liberal Union, a centrist party
        
        opposition was excluded from parliament, the military, politicians and students were harshly repressed.
      - Década Moderada (1844–1854)
        
        government’s position was very conservative, based on the Constitution of 1845
        
        progressives were marginalised and the recently created Democratic Party
        
        defended universal suffrage
      - economic growth during the early years
        
        1865
        
        oup d’état was planned from overseas
        
        Progressives, democrats, republicans and the Liberal Union
        
        signed the Pact of Ostend (1866)
  - - - contender for the Spanish throne, was a staunch absolutist
      - His supporters
        
        areas of Spain
        
        País Vasco
        
        Navarra
        
        Cataluña
        
        part of Valencia.
      - he Carlists wanted to dethrone Isabel II
        
        First Carlist War (1833–1840)
        
        Second Carlist War (1846–1849)
        
        Third Carlist War (1872–1876).
- - - - conflicts
        
        The democratic monarchy under Amadeo I (1871–1873)
        
        Constitution of 1869 established a democratic monarchy
        
        Parliament did not want a Bourbon monarch.
        
        selected Amadeo of Savoy, an Italian candidate supported by Prim, as the new king.
        
        His short reign was marked by great instability and the death of Prim
        
        The new king abdicated after a short reign, and the Spanish Parliament declared the First Republic.
        
        terrorist attack on the day that Amadeo arrived in Spain
        
        The First Republic (1873–1874)
        
        There were four presidents during this 11-month period
        
        Figueras, Pi i Margall, Salmerón and Castelar
        
        none of them managed to resolve the political disagreement amongst republicans
        
        it was about the degree of federalism the state should have.
        
        The Revolution of 1868
        
        Based on the agreement made in Ostend
        
        progressive General Juan Prim and General Serrano organised La gloriosa
        
        Isabel II went into exile in France and the Sexenio Democrático began
        
        Politics was democratised during this period
        
        1869
        
        Spain’s most advanced fundamental law to date
        
        1 more item...
  - - - weakened the government
        
        overthrown by a coup d’état led by General Pavía (1874)
        
        it made it possible for Alfonso of Bourbon to return to the throne.
- - - - troops under Lieutenant Colonel Riego
        
        revolted against Fernando VII in Cabezas de San Juan
        
        restored the Constitution of 1812
        
        marked the start of the Trienio Liberal
      - unstable period
        
        because of conflict between moderate liberals doceañistas
  - - - Fernando VII invoked the Treaty of the Holy Alliance between absolutist powers
        
        army of French soldiers and Spanish volunteers called the Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis invaded Spain
        
        absolutist throne was finally restored
    - - Fernando VII died
        
        daughter Isabel, still a child, inherited the throne
        
        new law before his death: the Pragmática Sanción opposite of salic war
        
        First Carlist War.