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Priscilla Anzaldo Period 2 Cardiovascular System - Coggle Diagram
Priscilla Anzaldo Period 2 Cardiovascular System
Major components and functions of Blood
Functions
transport: delivering oxygen, nutrients, metabolic wastes, and hormones
Regulation: regulates body temp, normal pH, and adequate fluid volume
protection: preventing blood loss and infection
composition
water
solutes (electrolytes & plasma proteins)
non-protein nitrogenous substances
plasma/platelets (top layer) 55%
leukocytes (white blood cells): buffy coat/middle layer <1%
erythrocytes (red blood cells): bottom layer 45% of blood
ABO/RH Blood Types
Blood group: AB
no plasma antibodies
blood that can be received: A, B, AB, O "universal recipient"
RBC antigens: A&B
Blood Group: B
RBC antigens: B
plasma antibodies: Anti- A
blood that can be received: B&O
Blood group: A
RBC antigens: A
plasma antibodies: anti-B
blood that can be received: A&O
Blood Group: O
RBC antigens: none
plasma antibodies: Anti A&B
blood that can be received: O "universal donor"
Major Functions of Cardiovascular System
Transport nutrients, gases, wastes around the body
protect the body from infection/blood loss
help body maintain constant body temp
maintain fluid balance
Anatomy of the Heart
External
Superior of heart
Brachiocephlic trunk
left common carotid artery
aortic arch
left subclavian artery
superior vena cava
right pulmonary artery
left pulmonary artery
ligamentum arteriosum
Right pulmonary veins
left pulmonary veins
right atrium
left atrium
inferior of heart
right coronary artery
anterior cardiac vein
inferior vena cava
circumflex artery
great cardiac vein
left ventricle
apex
epicardium
interventricular sulcus
internal
right atrium
left atrium
pulmonary valve
bicuspid(mitral valve)
tricuspid valve
papillary muscles
chordate tendinae
right ventricle
left ventricle
interventricular septum
myocardium
endocardium
Layers of the Heart
pericardium: double walled sac that surrounds heart, has two layers
Parietal layer: lines, internal surface of fibrous pericardium
Visceral layer: on external surface of heart
3 layers of the heart
Epicardium: visceral layer of serous pericardium
Myocardium: circular/ spiral bundles of contractile cardiac muscle cells
Endocardium: innermost layer , continuous with endothelial lining of blood cells
Blood Flow Through the Heart and Body
oxygen poor blood superior/inferior vena cava
travels to right atrium
through the tricuspid valve
into the right ventricle forcing blood out
through pulmonary semilunar valve
through pulmonary trunk/ artery
goes to the lungs (blood turns oxygenated)
from the lungs its carried by pulmonary vein
travels to left atrium
through the bicuspid valve
into left ventricle forcing blood out
through aortic semilunar valve
through aorta
blood is sent to the body
Structural/ functional differences between blood vessel types
Blood vessels
: delivery system of dynamic structures that begins/ends at heart
Arteries
: carry blood away from heart, oxygenated except for pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessels of fetus, have thicker walls
Veins
: carry blood toward heart, deoxygenated blood except for pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessels of fetus, thin walls but thicker lumen
Capillaries
: direct contact with tissue cells, directly serve cellular needs
Cardiac Cycle and EGC
cardiac cycle
: blood flow through heart during one complete heart beat
systole: period of heart contraction
diastole: period of heart relaxation
heart sounds
lub: closing of AV valves at beginning of ventricular systole
dub: closing of semilunar valves at beginning of ventricular diastole
Electrocardiography
electrocardiogram
: detects electrical currents generated by the heart
electrocardiogram (EGC)
: graphic recording of electrical activity
P wave
: depolarization of SA node/atria
QRS Complex
: ventricular depolarization/ atrial repollarization
T wave
: ventricular repolarization
P-R interval
: beginning of atrial excitation to beginning of ventricular excitation
S-T segment
: entire ventricular depolarization
Q-T Interval
: beginning of ventricular repolarization
Major Blood Vessels
arteries (top to bottom)
common cartoid artery
subclavian artery
brachiocephallic trunk
aortic arch
ascending aorta
axillary artery
thoracic aorta
brachial artery
ulnar artery
radial artery
abdominal aorta
common iliac artery
femoral artery
anterior tibial artery
fibular artery
veins (top to bottom)
external jugular vein
subclavian vein
R/L brachiocephalic vein
cephallic vein
superior vena cava
superficial veins in arm
cephalic veins
brachial vein
deep veins in arm
basilic vein
ulnar vein
radial vein
inferior vena cava
internal iliac vein
external iliac vein
common iliac vein
deep vein in legs
great saphenous vein
superficial veins in leg
femoral vein
Vital Signs
pulse
blood pressure
respiratory rate
body temp
Disorders of the Cardiovascular System
myocardial infarction: blood flow to part of the heart is blocked
causes: blood clot, obesity, stress
symptoms: chest pain, dizziness, swelling
treatment: nitroglycerin, thrombolytics, open heart surgery
peripheral artery disease: arteries are narrow reducing blood flow
causes: radiation exposure, artheroscurosis, hereditary
symptoms: weak pulse, skin color change, intermittent claudication
treatment: medication, arterial angioplasty, thrombolytic therapy
cerebrovascular accident (stroke): blood flow to a portion of the bran is interrupted
causes: clogged arteries, high BP, aneurysm
symptoms: memory loss, severe headaches, change in sense of alertness
treatment: thrombocytes, blood thinners, physical therapy
endocarditis & myocarditis: inflammation of the heart
causes: virus or fungal infection, rheumatoid arthritis, heart valve damage
symptoms: chest pain, edema, heart palpitations
treatment: diuretics, pacemaker implantation, antibiotics
Congenital Heart Disease: issue with the heart structure/ function
causes: hereditary, atrial septal defect, pulmonary seteriasis
symptoms: cyanosis, asymptomatic, death
treatment: medication, surgical intervention, some may heal on its own