Priscilla Anzaldo Period 2 Cardiovascular System

Major components and functions of Blood

ABO/RH Blood Types

Major Functions of Cardiovascular System

Anatomy of the Heart

Layers of the Heart

Blood Flow Through the Heart and Body

Structural/ functional differences between blood vessel types

Cardiac Cycle and EGC

Major Blood Vessels

Vital Signs

Disorders of the Cardiovascular System

pericardium: double walled sac that surrounds heart, has two layers

  1. Parietal layer: lines, internal surface of fibrous pericardium
  1. Visceral layer: on external surface of heart

3 layers of the heart

  1. Epicardium: visceral layer of serous pericardium
  1. Myocardium: circular/ spiral bundles of contractile cardiac muscle cells
  1. Endocardium: innermost layer , continuous with endothelial lining of blood cells

External

Superior of heart

Brachiocephlic trunk

left common carotid artery

aortic arch

left subclavian artery

superior vena cava

right pulmonary artery

left pulmonary artery

ligamentum arteriosum

Right pulmonary veins

left pulmonary veins

right atrium

left atrium

inferior of heart

right coronary artery

anterior cardiac vein

inferior vena cava

circumflex artery

great cardiac vein

left ventricle

apex

internal

right atrium

left atrium

pulmonary valve

bicuspid(mitral valve)

tricuspid valve

papillary muscles

chordate tendinae

right ventricle

left ventricle

interventricular septum

myocardium

endocardium

epicardium

interventricular sulcus

pulse

blood pressure

respiratory rate

body temp

  1. oxygen poor blood superior/inferior vena cava
  1. travels to right atrium
  1. through the tricuspid valve
  1. into the right ventricle forcing blood out
  1. through pulmonary semilunar valve
  1. through pulmonary trunk/ artery
  1. goes to the lungs (blood turns oxygenated)
  1. from the lungs its carried by pulmonary vein
  1. travels to left atrium
  1. through the bicuspid valve
  1. into left ventricle forcing blood out
  1. through aortic semilunar valve
  1. through aorta
  1. blood is sent to the body

cardiac cycle: blood flow through heart during one complete heart beat

systole: period of heart contraction

diastole: period of heart relaxation

heart sounds

lub: closing of AV valves at beginning of ventricular systole

dub: closing of semilunar valves at beginning of ventricular diastole

Electrocardiography

electrocardiogram: detects electrical currents generated by the heart

electrocardiogram (EGC): graphic recording of electrical activity

P wave: depolarization of SA node/atria

QRS Complex: ventricular depolarization/ atrial repollarization

T wave: ventricular repolarization

P-R interval: beginning of atrial excitation to beginning of ventricular excitation

S-T segment: entire ventricular depolarization

Q-T Interval: beginning of ventricular repolarization

Blood group: AB

no plasma antibodies

blood that can be received: A, B, AB, O "universal recipient"

Blood Group: B

RBC antigens: B

RBC antigens: A&B

plasma antibodies: Anti- A

blood that can be received: B&O

Blood group: A

RBC antigens: A

plasma antibodies: anti-B

blood that can be received: A&O

Blood Group: O

RBC antigens: none

plasma antibodies: Anti A&B

blood that can be received: O "universal donor"

  1. Transport nutrients, gases, wastes around the body

Functions

transport: delivering oxygen, nutrients, metabolic wastes, and hormones

Regulation: regulates body temp, normal pH, and adequate fluid volume

protection: preventing blood loss and infection

composition

water

solutes (electrolytes & plasma proteins)

non-protein nitrogenous substances

plasma/platelets (top layer) 55%

leukocytes (white blood cells): buffy coat/middle layer <1%

erythrocytes (red blood cells): bottom layer 45% of blood

  1. protect the body from infection/blood loss
  1. help body maintain constant body temp
  1. maintain fluid balance

myocardial infarction: blood flow to part of the heart is blocked

peripheral artery disease: arteries are narrow reducing blood flow

cerebrovascular accident (stroke): blood flow to a portion of the bran is interrupted

endocarditis & myocarditis: inflammation of the heart

Congenital Heart Disease: issue with the heart structure/ function

arteries (top to bottom)

causes: blood clot, obesity, stress

symptoms: chest pain, dizziness, swelling

treatment: nitroglycerin, thrombolytics, open heart surgery

common cartoid artery

subclavian artery

brachiocephallic trunk

aortic arch

ascending aorta

axillary artery

thoracic aorta

brachial artery

ulnar artery

radial artery

abdominal aorta

common iliac artery

femoral artery

anterior tibial artery

fibular artery

veins (top to bottom)

external jugular vein

subclavian vein

R/L brachiocephalic vein

cephallic vein

superior vena cava

superficial veins in arm

cephalic veins

brachial vein

deep veins in arm

basilic vein

ulnar vein

radial vein

inferior vena cava

internal iliac vein

external iliac vein

common iliac vein

deep vein in legs

great saphenous vein

superficial veins in leg

femoral vein

causes: radiation exposure, artheroscurosis, hereditary

symptoms: weak pulse, skin color change, intermittent claudication

treatment: medication, arterial angioplasty, thrombolytic therapy

causes: clogged arteries, high BP, aneurysm

symptoms: memory loss, severe headaches, change in sense of alertness

treatment: thrombocytes, blood thinners, physical therapy

causes: virus or fungal infection, rheumatoid arthritis, heart valve damage

symptoms: chest pain, edema, heart palpitations

treatment: diuretics, pacemaker implantation, antibiotics

causes: hereditary, atrial septal defect, pulmonary seteriasis

symptoms: cyanosis, asymptomatic, death

treatment: medication, surgical intervention, some may heal on its own

Blood vessels: delivery system of dynamic structures that begins/ends at heart

Arteries: carry blood away from heart, oxygenated except for pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessels of fetus, have thicker walls

Veins: carry blood toward heart, deoxygenated blood except for pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessels of fetus, thin walls but thicker lumen

Capillaries: direct contact with tissue cells, directly serve cellular needs