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06 SPAIN, BETWEEN ABSOLUTISM AND LIBERALISM, Garazi García Antruejo, image…
06 SPAIN, BETWEEN ABSOLUTISM AND LIBERALISM
THE REIGN OF FERNANDO VII AND THE RETURN TO ABSOLUTISM
In 1820
Coronel Riego revolted against Fernando VII
restored the Constitution of 1812
start of the Trienio Liberal
unstable period
conflicts between
moderate liberals
doceñistas
radical or fanatic liberals
absolutists
Década ominosa
1823
Fernando VII invoked the Treaty of the Holy Alliance
French soldiers and Spanish volunteers fought
the Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis
absolutist throne was restored
start of the Década Ominosa
anti-liberal and conservative measures
reinstated the Inquisition
closed universities
In 1833
Fernando VII died
wanted his daughter Isabel II to reign
Fernando VII passed a new law
Pragmatic Sanction
replaced the Salic Law
let women to be Queen
Fernando's brother, Carlos was angry
First Carlist war
civil war between Carlos’s supporters and Isabel’s
THE REIGN OF ISABEL II: MODERATE LIBERALISM
When Fernando died she was still a child
two Regents
her mother María Cristina
General Espartero
foundations for the new liberal regime
Military victory over the Carlists
The Carlists supported absolutism
Isabel’s supporters were moderate liberals
First Carlist War
won by Isabel
Establishment of a constitutional monarchy
separation of powers
monarchy maintained a large portion of power
Isabel held the executive power
shared the legislative power with the parliament
judicial power was in the hands of the courts
Two-party system
Moderate Party
Progressive Party
Constitutions
Two constitutions
1837
written by the progressive parliament
against the regent María Cristina’s wishes
1845
written by the moderate parliament
favoured by the queen
basic characteristics
sovereignty wasn't only in the hands of the monarch
inequality before the law was abolished
citizens’ rights were recognised
Centralism
moderantism imposed a centralised government
Desamortizaciones
land was expropriated to be sold at public auction
mainly common lands and from the Church
used as financial resources for the kingdom (war)
ALTERNATION IN POWER AND MILITARY REBELLIONS
Isabel II always ruled with the moderates
progressives were angry
resorted to a military uprising
Stages
Década Moderada
conservative government
based on the Constitution of 1845
progressives were marginalised
Democratic party was created
defended universal suffrage
Bienio Progresista
a group of moderate, progressive and democratic troops seized power in a rebellion
moderates were afraid of a revolution
he queen handed them power
moderantism
Moderate Party and the Liberal Union alternated in power
opposition excluded from the parliament
military, politicians and students were repressed
Pact of Ostend
in 1865 social unrest started growing
a rebellion of Progressives, democrats, republicans and the Liberal Union
SEXENIO DEMOCRÁTICO: DEMOCRATIC LIBERALISM
The Revolution of 1868
based on the pact of Ostend
General Serrano organised the Revolution
La Gloriosa
Isabel II went into exile
Sexenio Democrático began
new constitution
principles of national sovereignty
universal suffrage
freedom of religion
extending the declaration of rights
The democratic monarchy under Amadeo I
new king, not from the Bourbons
Amadeo of Savoy was selected
supported by Prim
short reign
great instability
Prim was assassinated
The new king abdicated
Spanish Parliament declared the First Republic
The First Republic (1873–1874)
four presidents during a 11-month period
none of them managed to resolve the political disagreement
GENERAL PAVIA’S COUP D’ÉTAT
thanks to politic and social problems
a coup d’état was led by General Pavía
Alfonso of Bourbon returned to the throne
Garazi García Antruejo
