SPAIN, BETWEEN ABSOLUTISM AND LIBERALISM

Reign of Fernando VII and the return to absolutism

After restoration of absolutism liberal military uprisings followed and were then repressed

In 1820, troops under Lieutenant Colonel Riego revolted against Fernando VII in Cabezas de San Juan and restored Constitution of 1812

Trienio Liberal was an unstable period because of conflict between moderate liberals and radical or fanatic liberals and absolutists

Década ominosa

In 1823 Fernando VII invoked Treaty of Holly Alliance between absolutist powers

Thousand Sons of Saint Louis invaded Spain and the absolutist throne was finally anti-liberal and conservative measures

Fernando VII began to make contact with doceañistas to ensure that theyr supported his plan for his daughter Isabel

In 1833 Fernando VII died, and his daughter Isabel inherited the throne

Fernando VII passed a new law before his death: Pragmatica Sancion

A civil war between Carlos's supporters and Isabel's, the First Carlist War

Reign of Isabel II: Moderate Liberalism

Isabel II inherited the crown, she had two regents: Maria Cristina and General Espartero

Military victory over the Carlists. Carlists supported absolutism and Isabel's supporters wanted a transition to moderate liberalism. Isabel's supported won

Establishment of constitutional monarchy. Absolutism of Old Regime was disappearing, judicial power was in hands of courts

Two-party system. Represented the two types of liberalism: moderate party and progressive party

Constitutions. The first was written by progressive parliament and the sencond was approved by moderate parliament

Centralism. Moderantism imposed a strongly centralised government

Desamortizaciones. Land was expropriated by state to be sold at public auction

Alternation in power and military rebellions

Progressives resorted to military uprising, was a coup d'etat supported by combination of political, military and popular action

Decada Moderada, government's position was conservative based on Constitution

Bienio Progresista, group of moderate, progressive and democratic troops seized power in rebellion known as Vicalvarada

Crisis of moderatism, Moderate party and Liberal Union alternated power

Progressives, democrats, republicans and Liberal Union signed the Pact of Ostend

Sexenio democratico: democratic liberalism

Revolution of 1868

Based on agreement made in Ostend, progressive General Juan Prim and General Serrano organised the Revolution of 1868

Spanish Parliament approved new constitution

Democratic monarchy under Amadeo I

Constitution of 1869 established a democratic monarchy

First Republic

Were four presidents: Figueras, Pi i Margall, Salmeron and Castelar. None of them managed to resolve the political disagreement amongst republicans about degree of federalism state should have

GENERAL PAVIA'S COUP D'ÉTAT

Carlism weakened the government who was overthrown by a coup d'état led by General Pavia

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