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Unit 6. Cognitive development - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Involuntary attention:
      - Voluntary attention
    - - Limited
      - Selective
    - - Internal:
        
        The physical state of the person: tiredness, wind chill or appetite satisfaction.
        
        The person's state of mind: mood, mental fatigue or stress
      - External:
        
        The intensity of the stimulus
        
        The novelty of the stimulus
        
        The contrast between the stimulus and the environment
        
        The organisation of the stimulus in the perceptual field
- - - - Concept formation is the process of classifying information into meaningful categories.
    - - Reasoning is the ability of human beings to deduce from previous information a conclusion
        that did not exist in the initial elements.
        
        Types
        
        Between 2 and 7 years
        
        Transductive reasoning
        
        From the age of 7 until adulthood,
        
        Inductive reasoning
        
        Deductive reasoning
    - - Creativity is the ability of human beings to find new, more original and useful solutions to
        problems.
        
        Characteristics
        
        Fluency to generate many ideas in a short time
        
        Sensitivity to solve problems
        
        Mental flexibility to find different solutions or responses to the same problem
        
        Originality
        
        Analytical skills
        
        Curiosity
        
        Imagination
        
        Redefinition capacity
        
        Strategies
        
        Create an atmosphere of freedom and respect.
        
        To pose the situations or problems to be solved,
        
        Involve the child in the decisions
        
        Stimulate observation and curiosity
    - - A problem is a situation in which a choice has to be made between several options in order to
        achieve a goal or objective.
        
        Types
        
        Abstract problems
        
        Concrete problems
        
        Strategies
        
        Trial and error
        
        Situation analysis
        
        Intuition
- - - - Adaptation
        
        Aspects of adaptation: assimilation and accommodation
        
        The schemes
    - - In this period, the acquisition of knowledge is based on the actions that the child performs on
        the environment and on him/herself.
        
        The sub-stages into which the sensorimotor stage is divided are
        
        Sub-stage 1. Innate reflex mechanisms (0 to 1 month)
        
        Sub-stage 2. Primary circular reactions. First habits (1 to 4 months)
        -Sub-stage 3. Secondary circular reactions. Visual-motor coordination (4-8 months).
        
        Sub-stage 4. Coordination of secondary schemas and application of these to new situations (8-12 months)
        
        Sub-stage 5. Tertiary circular reactions. Discovery of new media by experimentation (12-18 months).
        
        Substage 6. Transition to representation. Invention of new media by mental combination (18-24 months).
    - - The symbolic function:It is the child's ability to represent the real by means of a series of signifiers that are different from the objects, actions or persons represented.
        
        Types
        
        Signs or indices
        
        Symbols
        
        Signs
        
        Manifestations of the symbolic function:
        
        Symbolic play
        
        Deferred imitation.
        
        Mental image.
        
        Drawings.
        
        Language.
        
        Other characteristics
        
        Egocentrism.
        
        Focusing.
        
        Syncretism.
        
        Irreversibility.
        
        Juxtaposition.
- - - - Howard Gardner defines intelligence as:
        
        The ability to solve everyday problems
        
        The ability to create new problems to solve
        
        The ability to create products and offer services that are valuable across more cultures
        
        Types
        
        Linguistics
        
        Logical-mathematical
        
        Space
        
        Kinaesthetic-bodily
        
        Musical
        
        Intrapersonal
        
        Interpersonal
        
        Naturalist
    - - Emotional intelligence not only includes cognitive aspects but also recognises the importance of non-cognitive aspects, such as emotions, feelings, moods and empathy
        
        Two types
        
        Personal intelligence
        
        Recogise feelings, strengths,
        weaknesses and the effects they have on us and on others.also includes the ability to control emotions, to take responsibility for one's actions
        and to achieve goals regardless of financial reward.
        
        Interpersonal intelligence:
        
        Empathy: the ability to put ourselves in the place of others,
        
        Social skills are the behaviours that enable people to achieve their goals without
        harming others; they involve significant control of communication skills.
- - - - Recording or encoding.
        
        Storage of information or consolidation of memory.
        
        Retrieval or recall of acquired and stored information,
    - - Sensory memory
        
        Short-term memory
        
        Long-term memory