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Chap 4.1 Infant Cognition - Coggle Diagram
Chap 4.1 Infant Cognition
Object Permanence
Studies
Jean Piaget
hid a toy under a cloth to see
if babies would search for it
babies under
8 months
did
not search for the cloth
possible that babies have object
permanence but have
poor searching skills
Processing Account
searching for an object
requires the infant to
Represent hidden object in memory
Plan series of actions
Execute planned series of actions
infants have
poor executive capabilities
and struggle with
planning
and
execution
necessary
Evidence
Fail planning tasks even
when object is visible
Pulling cloth to grab a toy on it
Babies fail
before 8 months
demonstrate object permanence when
actions are simple
Hood & Williats
4 more items...
desired actions are modelled
Aguiar
2 more items...
studied this using a search task
Baillargeon:
Car Study
studied
violation of expectation
in 8 mth and 6.5 mth old babies
Habituation to apparatus so that babies
are not fascinated by the apparatus
Shown a
possible event
and
impossible event
both groups stared longer
at impossible event
Baillargeon:
Rotating Screen
why is this measure of object permanence??
studied
4.5 mth
and
5.5 mth
old babies
both have object permanence
Disappearing Minnie
studied
3 mth
and
3.5 mth
old babies
3 month old
babies looked
longer at impossible event
looked equally when shown
that
there were 2 mice
have object permanence
detected the violation
in impossible event
unable to generate their own
explanation for the impossible event
3.5 month old
babies showed no difference because they
believed there were 2 mice
looked longer at impossible event
when shown
only one mice
have object permanence
detected the violation
in impossible event
capable of generating own
explanations for the impossible event
successfully demonstrated in infants
as young as
2.5 months old
Interpreting Events
Event Categories
Occlusion
Containment
Collision
Support
Knowledge of each category
is non-transferable
Height
Containment
Learns that tall object cannot fit
inside short object at
7.5 months
Occlusion
Learns that tall object cannot be hidden
behind short object at
3.5 months
babies encounter occlusion with
higher frequency than containment
Variables
Example of
Containment
Width (
4 months
)
Height (
7 months
)
Transparency (
9 months
)
learnt one at a time
Numbers
Do babies understand
numbers?
Starkey
Procedure
Habituation
one group saw
two
objects while
the other group saw
three
objects
two groups
Test
Results
infants habituated to 2 objects
look longer at 3 objects
infants habituated to 3 objects
look longer at 2 objects
Further studies
5 vs 10
8 vs 16
16 vs 32
4 vs 6
8 vs 12
16 vs 24
studied
6 month olds
novelty preference method
Can babies keep track of changes
in number of objects over time?
Wynn
Procedure
Results
Inert vs Self
Moving Objects
Do infants distinguish
inert and self moving objects?
Yes but with
conditions
demonstrating control
over their own motion
able to move
Expectations
Floating
Baillargeon
studied
2 month olds
Conditions
inert
self-moving
Results
infants
look longer at unsupported event
when object is demonstrated to be
inert
infants
look equally
at unsupported event
when object is shown to be self moving
Babies do not understand features that allow objects to fly or float
Believe that self moving objects are able
to do things that inert objects cannot
Phasing
Baillargeon
Procedure
Familiarisation
Results
babies looked longer when cylinder
passed through closed table
limitations to what a self-
moving object can do