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Cardiovascular Concept map Santo Celestino Period:5 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular Concept map
Santo Celestino
Period:5
Blood Circulation:
Poorly-oxganated blood - -> inferior and superior vena cava--> right atrium-->tricuspid valve -->right ventricle-->pulmonary semilunar valve-->pulmonary trunk/pulmonary veins -->lungs/highly oxygenated blood-->left atrium--> bicuspid/mitral valve-->left ventricle-->aortic semilunar valve-->aorta-->body
Artories carry -oxgenated blood
Viens carry- deoxgenated blood
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types (arteries, veins,
capillaries)
Artery:
Has the three main layers (tunica intima, Tunica media,tunica exxterna)
Transport highly oxygenated blood (BRIGHTER BLOOD)
(ALSO CALLED RESISTANCE ARTERIES) Arterioles: smalled arteries// controlled into capillary beds via vasodilation and vasoconstriction od smooth muslce// changing diameters change resistance to blood flow// LEADS TO CAPILLARY BED
(CALLED THE DISTRIBUTING ARTERIES) Muscular arteries-
supported by the elastic arteries
deliver blood to body organs
Active in vasoconstriction
Elastic arteries: thicked walled with large, low resistance lumen//act as pressure reservoirs that expand and recoil as blood is ejected from heart
Veins
Has the main three layers (tunica intima, Tunica media,tunica extera)
ONLY ONE THAT HAS VAVLE
Transport poorly oxygenated blood
begins when capillary beds unite in postcapillary venules and merge into larger and larger veins
(postcapillary venules) Venules:
Larger venules have one or two layers of smooth muscle cells
thinner walls with large lumens compared with corresponding arteries
Venous valves
▪ Prevent backflow of blood// in limbs
Venous sinuses
-Flattened veins with extremely thin walls
Capllaires:
Found in the capillary bed
Transfer one red blood cell at a time.
Structure contains only: Basement membrane and tunica intima.
Capillary bed: interwoven network of capillaries between arterioles and venules
Vascular shunt: channel that directly connects arteriole with venule (bypasses true capillaries)
Precapillary sphincter: acts as valve regulating blood flow into capillary bed
Layers of blood vessles
Tunica intima- Close contact/direct contact with blood
Tunica media:Middle layer
Tunica externa: most superficaial layer
Tunica intima- endothelium, simple squamous epithelium that lines lumen of all vessels// Subendothelial layer. connective tissue basement membrane
Tunica media: middle layer composed mostly of smooth muscle and sheet of elastin// Vasoconstriction: decreased lumen diameter// Vasodilation: increased lumen diametter// bulkeist later is responsible for maintaining blood flow and blood pressure
(tunica adventitia) Tunica externa:
Outermost layer of wall//loose collagen fiber protects and reinforce wall and anchor it to surrounding structures//infiltrated with nerve fibers and lymphatic vessels
ABO, Rh blood types
O type blood - Universal donor
Has both anti bodies A and B.
NO AGGLUTINOGENES
A type of blood type
B antibody-
A antigens (agglutiongens)
Cannot receive the B type blood
A AND O
AB blood type
Both AB antibodies- Universal recipient - A,B,AB,O
B blood type
A antibody
B antigens (agglutinogens)
*cannot receive the A blood type
B AND O
Major components and functions of Blood
FUNCTIONS: TRANSPORT< HEAT< HORMONAL<DIGESTION
Anatomy of the heart (including all chambers, and valves)
FOUR RECIEVEING CHAMBERS
Right Atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium.
Left ventricle.
intervesculaior sulcus
Coronary sulces
Aorta arch and aorta assending
Aortic semilunar valve
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid /mitral valve
Layers of the heart
fibrous pericardium
parietal layers of seroud pericardium
Epicardium
Myocardiam
Endocardium
heart chamber
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
Cardiac Cycle
Electrocardiography -CAN DETECT ELECTRICAL CURRENT GENERATED BY HEART
CARDIAC CYCLE
Atrioventricular (AV) node
THE IMPULESES PAUSES HERE!
Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His)
CONNECTS THE ATRIA TO THE VENTRICLES
Sinoatrial (SA)node
Pace maker generates impulses
Right and left bundle branches. CONDUCTS THE IMPULESES THROUGH THE INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM
Subendocardial conduction network
DEPOLARIZES THE CONTRACTILE CELLS OF BOTH VENTRICLES
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)-
IS A GGRAPHIC RECORDING OF ELECTRICLE ACTIVITY
THE 12 LEAD ECG
QRS complex: ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
T wave: ventricular repolarization
P wave: depolarization of SA node and atria
P-R interval: Beginning of atrial excitation to beginning of ventricular excitation.
S-T segment: entire ventricular myocardium depolarized.
Q-T interval: beginning of ventricular depolarization through ventricular repolarization
Composite of all action potentials at give time, NOT A TRACING OF A SINGLE AP (
_
)
Major blood vessels (names arteries and veins)
Viens of head and trunk
Ulnar vein
great cardiac vein
External jugular vien
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Radial vein
Arteries of the head and trunk
Ulnar artery
Radial artery
coronary artery
Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Vital signs (BP and Pulse)
taken with pulse and BP along with respiratory rate and body temperature
Pulse
Take radial pulse (taken at the wrist), most used,
Pressure points: where artieris are close to body surface
BP: force per unit area exerted on wall of blood vessel by blood
systemic arterial BP in large arteries near heart
indirectly by auscultatory methods using a
sphygmomanometer
Systolic pressure: normally less than 120 mm Hg
– Pressure when sounds first occur as blood starts to spurt through artery
Diastolic pressure
Diastolic pressure: normally less than 80 mm Hg
– Pressure when sounds disappear because artery no longer constricted; blood flowing freely
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Arrhythmais: irregular heart rhythms . . . uncoordinated atrail and ventricular contraction
Fibrillation: rapid and regular contractions
Heart murmurs: adnormal heart sounds heard when blood hits obstructions.
Bradycardia: heart rate slower than 60 beats/min
Tachycardia: adnormally fast heart rate (>100/ beats/min)
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
CO is so low that blood circulation is inadequate to meet
tissue needs
Linked to weekended myocardium. coronary atherosclerosis: clogged attires caused by fat buildup // affect oxgen delivery to cardiac cells
Persistent high blood pressure: myocardium to exert more force
Multiple myocardial infarcts: heart becomes weak as contractile cells are replaced with scar tissue
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM): ventricles stretch and become flabby, and myocardium deteriorates
Varicose veins: dilated and painful veins due to incompetent (leaky) valves
pericarditiis- inflammation of pericardium
Angina pectoris- thoracic pain caused by fleeting deficiency in blood delivery to myocardium - cells are wakeneded
Myocardial infarction- prolonged coronary blockage- areas of cell death are repaired with noncontractile scar tissue
Plasma and formed elements
Formed elements are
Platelets
is part of the clogging process
MADE: from a broken up
__
BUFFY COAT
Lytroctyes
WBC(WHITEBLOODCELL)
Immunity part of the blood cells
BUFFY COAT
Erythrocytes
RBC (redbloodcells)
Transport, disposed,
Dies with a 100-120 days
HEMORTIC- LAST LAYER OF A SPUNED TUBE
Plasma- mostly water, is the lighter part of a spun blood tube