Luis Madrigal Period 3 (Cardiovascular System)
Major Components and Functions of Blood
ABO, Rh Blood Types
Major Functions of the Cardiovascular System
Red Blood Cells- Contain a protein called hemoglobin, which carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body
Platelets- Primary function is to prevent and stop bleeding; if blood vessel damaged, platelets arrive at site to clump together to stop bleeding
White Blood Cells- Help the body fight infection and other diseases; types of WBCs are neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes
Plasma- Liquid component of blood; helps body recover from injury, distribute nutrients, remove waste, and prevent infection, while moving through circulatory system
Blood- Transports oxygen and nutrients to lungs and tissues; forms blood clots to prevent excess blood loss
Delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other important substances to cells and organs in the body
Plays important role in helping body meet the demands of activity, exercise, and stress
Helps maintain body temperature, among other things
Blood group O- has no antibodies, but both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
Blood group AB- has both A and B antigens, but no antibodies
Blood group B- has B antigens with anti-A antibodies
A RhD positive: (A+)
Blood group A- has A antigens with anti-B antibodies
A RhD negative: (A-)
B RhD positive: (B+)
B RhD negative: (B-)
O RhD positive: (O+)
O RhD negative: (O-)
AB RhD positive: (AB+)
AB RhD negative: (AB-)
Anatomy of the Heart combined with Blood Flow of Heart
Lungs
Pulmonary Veins
Pulmonary Artery/Trunk
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Right Ventricle
Tricuspid Valve
Right Atrium
Inferior/Superior Vena Cava
Left Atrium
Bicuspid Valve
Left Ventricle
Aortic Semilunar Valve
Aorta
To the body
Layers of the Heart
Myocardium- the muscular tissue of the heart.
Endocardium- the thin, smooth membrane which lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves.
Epicardium- a serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart.
Differences between Blood Vessels
Capillaries
Arteries
Veins
Carry blood to heart, not as strong or thick as arteries, contain valves, carry deoxygenated blood to heart
Function in connecting veins with arteries have only one layer of connective tissue, gas change occurs here
Carry blood away from heart, Don't require valves because the pressure from the heart is so strong that blood is only able to flow in one direction, carry oxygenated blood to all body parts
Cardiac Cycle and ECG
Cardiac Cycle- the performance of the human heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next
ECG- electrocardiogram that records the electrical signal from the heart to check for different heart conditions
Consists of two periods: one during which the heart muscle relaxes and refills with blood, called diastole, following a period of robust contraction and pumping of blood, called systole.
Major Blood Vessels
Vital Signs
Disorders
Brachiocephalic Trunk/vein- found coming off of heart
Aortic Arch and Ascending Aorta- found in aorta on heart
Subclavian Artery/Vein- found coming off of heart
Axillary Artery/vein- found by armpits
Common Carotid Artery, Internal/External Jugular vein- found in neck
Brachial Artery/vien and Cephalic and Basilic Vein- found in the arms
Ulnar and Radial Artery/veins- found in the forearms
Thoracic Aorta/Inferior Vena Cava- found inferior to the heart in thoracic area
Abdominal Aorta- found inferior to heart in abdominal area
Common Iliac Artery/Vein and External iliac vein- found in iliac by hips
Femoral Artery/vein- found in thighs
Fibular Artery- found in legs
Anterior Tibial Artery- found in lower leg closer to foot
Superior Vena Cava- found coming off of the heart
Great Saphenous Vein- found in inner thigh
Blood Pressue- The force of circulating blood on the walls of the arteries.
Pulse- a rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through them, typically as felt in the wrists or neck.
Pulse functions in representing physical quantities and as inputs for systems. It is widely used in signal processing and communications, where it is fundamental to understanding and working with those systems.
Without BP oxygen or nutrients would not reach our tissues and organs through our arteries nor would white blood cells be distributed through our bodies. Blood pressure also helps carry the toxic waste in our bodies through our liver and kidney.
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)- Blood flow to a portion of the brain is interrupted.
Endocarditis & Myocarditis-Inflammation of the heart.
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)- Arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to extremities.
Congenital Heart Disease- Issue with heart structure and/or function present from birth.
Myocardial Infraction (Heart Attack)- Blood flow to part of the heart is blocked.
Symptoms: Cyanosis Common, May be asymptomatic, May cause death
Treatment: Medication, Surgical intervention, Some abnormalities may heal on their own
Causes: Hereditary and include: Aortic stenosis and Tricuspid atresia
Symptoms: Chest pain, Fever, Fatigue
Treatment: Antibiotics, Reduced activity, Pacemaker implantation
Causes: Recent surgery, Heart valve damage, Virus, bacterial, or fungal infection
Symptoms: Severe headache, Memory loss, Confusion
Treatment: Blood thinners, Physical therapy, Surgical intervention
Causes: Clogged arteries, Diabetes, Age/race
Symptoms: Weak pulse, Hair loss on limbs, skin color change on limbs
Symptoms: Chest pain, Sweating, Heart palpitation
Treatment: Open heart surgery, Lifestyle changes, Coronary bypass
Causes: Blood clot, Obesity, Stress
Treatment: Medication, Lifestyle changes, Bypass surgery
Causes: Limb trauma, Obesity, Diabetes