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NATIONALISM: INDEPENDENCE AND UNIFICATIONS, image, image, image, image,…
NATIONALISM: INDEPENDENCE AND UNIFICATIONS
NATION AND NATIONALISM
nation
human communities with shared cultural traits
nationalism
political interpretation of this identity and these aspirations
liberalism
napoleon and Congress of Vienna
liberal economy
unifying movements
bring people together with a common culture together
independence movements
sought independence from Ottoman Empire
INDEPENDENCE OF LATIN AMERICA
napoleonic invasions --> repercussions in Latin america
urban development in cities
influence of liberalism
independence of United States
marginalisation of criollos
Independence process --> violent
Fernando VII refused to make changes in the colonies
rebellions led by Bolívar and San Martín
independent
met in Peru
LEADERS
Simon Bolívar
rich criollo land in Venezula
Gran Colombia
Jose de san Martín
CONSEQUENCES OF THE EMANCIPATION OF LATIN AMERICA
social consequences
criollos obtained political power + consolidated their economic power
slavery abolished in most countries
lower classes continued to be discriminated
political consequences
republic
caudillismo --> authoritarian leaderships and frequent coups d'etat
economic consequences
Spain lost precious metals and certain markets
UNIFICATION OF GERMANY
German confederation replaced Holy Empire
Diet --> Chaired by Austrian Emperor
Prussia created the Zollverein
encouraged the middle class to fight for unification
William I --> led the unification in an authoritarian manner
THE UNIFICATION OF ITALY
Piedmont- Sardinia ruled by Savoy dynasty
north was occupied by Austria
Pope Pius IX reigned over Papal States
Cavour
prime minister of Piedmont
allied with french and defeated Austrians
duchies added to Piedmont
italy
political regime
parliamentary monarchy
censitary suffrage
Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy king of Piedmont
