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NATIONALISM: INDEPENDENCE AND UNIFICATIONS, image, image, image, image,…
NATIONALISM: INDEPENDENCE AND UNIFICATIONS
NATION AND NATIONALISM
Nation
Human communities
With shared cultural traits
Were sovereign or aspired
To be by constituting a nation-state
Nationalism
The political interpretation
Of this identity and these aspirations
Influenced by different causes
Liberalism
Establishing the legitimacy of state power
In national sovereignty and citizenship
Many people felt
Liberal and nationalist
Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna
Organised the map of Europe
Based on their interests
Helped generate nationalist aspirations
Liberal economy
States with internal markets
Favoured economic growth and industrialisation
Types of nationalist movements
Unifying movements
Aspired to bring people
With a common culture together
Independence movements
Like Greece
Lord Byron
THE INDEPENDENCE OF LATIN AMERICA
The
cabildos
in America
Formed
juntas locales
Criollos
demanded that these
juntas
be open
Urban development
Influence of liberalism
Independence of the United States
Marginalisation of
criollos
from power
Interference from Great Britain
Independence process
A major revolt broke out in Mexico
Indigenous people took part
Rebellions led by
Bolívar in New Granada
San Martín in Río de la Plata
Declared themselves independent
Both liberators met in Peru
Proclaimed its independence
After the Battle of Ayacucho
CONSEQUENCES OF THE EMANCIPATION
Social consequences
The
criollos
Obtained political power
Consolidated their economic power
Slavery was abolished
Political consequences
The system of government
Was a republic
Economic consequences
Spain lost its main source of precious metals
THE UNIFICATION OF GERMANY
The German Confederation
Replaced the Holy Empire
Had an assembly
The Diet
Chaired by the Austrian emperor
Was opposed to liberalism and nationalist movements
Collided with the economic interests
Of the urban bourgeoisie
Prussia took the initiative
Created the Zollverein
Included a single railway network
Otto von Bismarck
Under the reign of William I
Led the unification
Declared war on Denmark
To gain control of the duchies
Austria was defeated
Bismarck planned the annexation
Of Alsace and Lorraine
The French were defeated
Declaring the Second German Empire
THE UNIFICATION OF ITALY
They were divided into many territories
Piedmont-Sardinia
Milan and Venice
Occupied by Austria
Naples and Sicily
In the central area
The duchies of Tuscany, Parma and Modena
The Papal States
Cavour
Allied with the French
Defeated the Austrians
The duchies of the central area and the northern part of Italy
Were added to Piedmont
Naples and Sicily were occupied by
Nationalist revolutionary Garibaldi
Annexed to Piedmont
The pope
Was confined to Vatican City
