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MUTATIONS - Coggle Diagram
MUTATIONS
Chromosomal
Definition
The mutation of the chromosomal segments of the DNA strands.
When does it occur?
Irregularities or accidents during cell division
chromosomal structure changes
deletion
duplication
inversion
insertion
translocation
change in chromosome numbers
aneuploidy
polyploidy
Factors that affect it
errors during sex cell division (meiosis)
age - A woman age 35 years or older is at higher risk of having a baby with a chromosomal abnormality, because they born with all of their eggs already in their ovaries, so if a woman is 35 years old, the eggs are also 35.
errors during other cell division (mitosis)
teratogens (substances)
biological
health conditions (e.g. diabetes)
viruses & bacteria
chemical
toxic substances
alcohol
tobacco
certain medications
street drugs
physical
radiation
SOURCES
https://www.thoughtco.com/chromosome-mutation-373448
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P02126
https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/chromosomal-crossover
Genetic
Definition
A change in a sequence of your DNA (If part of it is in the wrong place, isn’t complete or is damaged).
When does it occur?
cell division
mitosis
meiosis
Factors that affect it
biological
gene factors
sex-limited inheritance
genomic inprinting
allele codominance
X-chromosome inactivation
penetrance (how often a gene is expressed) & expressivity (the intensity of a gene expression)
virus
bacteria
chemical
oxygen levels
diet
phenotype alteration by nutrient-induced gene expression
physical
pollution
humidity
UV radiation
temperature
light cycles
SOURCES
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/06/this-is-how-our-gene-expression-can-be-altered-by-the-environment/
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/06/this-is-how-our-gene-expression-can-be-altered-by-the-environment/
https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/special-subjects/general-principles-of-medical-genetics/factors-affecting-gene-expression