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Mutation - Coggle Diagram
Mutation
Gene Mutation / Point Mutation
Definition
Changes in the nucleotide base pairs in genes
Due
mistake in base pairing during DNA replication
Result
Changes of codon in mRNA. Hence, change the amino acid sequence and the protein. Different protein produced may not function normally.
Types
Base Deletion
Base Insertion
Base Inversion
Base Substitution
Chromosomal Mutation
Definition
Changes in the chromosomal number, sets, and structure
Types
Chromosomal Number Alterations
Euploidy/Polypoidy
Has more than two sets of chromosomes (more common in plants)
3n, 4n, 5n
Occurs Naturally (by non-disjunction or induction)
Types
Autoploidy
Individual has more than two chromosome sets that all derived from the
same species
Alloploidy
Individual has more than two chromosome sets that all derived from
different species
Aneuploidy
Chromosomal extra or misiing from normal set
Cause
non-disjunction during meiosis (anaphase I, II)
non-disjunction-failure of a homoglous chromosome or sister chromatid to separate and move to opposite poles
Occur
Sex Chromosomes
Autosomal Chromosomes
Example
2n-1 monosomy
2n+1 trisomy
Chromosomal Abberation