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BURGER, Base condition: Pps were paid immediately and got to keep the 50…
BURGER
Burger's study was a replication of Milgram's 1963 experiment to see if people would still obey today.
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Burger did the same experiment but the maximum voltage was 150V- due to this being the critical point in Milgram's Experiment 5 variation where 79% of pps would have carried on if given the opportunity.
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His aim was to see if peoples obedience levels have changed since Milgram's study in 1963. He was also aiming to conduct a more ethical experiment.
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Would Milgram's findings be replicated today? Do people use the behavior of others as a norm reference on how to behave? Are their gender differences in obedience? Are there personality differences in obedience?
To safeguard participants, Burger used a two phase screening process, eliminating anyone he deemed unfit to do the experiment to save them from harm.
Pps were promised 50 dollars for two 45 minute sessions- and pps were collected in the same way as Milgrams.
29 men and 41 women aged 20-81 years old with a range of educational background and ethic differences.
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Burger found out that in the base condition, 30% stopped at 150V or earlier and 36.7% in the model refusal.70% of the base pps continued to read the next question and so did 63.3% in the model refusal.
He concluded that people today will still obey to similar levels found by Milgram. There is no significant difference between gender. However, individuals personalities like the need for control had an impact in the base condition, their empathy had no significant difference on their obedience.
This study is not GENERALISABLE as it is not representative of the target population. Despite the screening and both genders, 38% of volunteers were deselected in order to exclude anyone who may have found it distressing. The sample was more psychologically robust than the target population.
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This study can not be APPLIED to real life, as it tells us little about real world obedience, the setting is artificial and lacks mundane realism.
This study has high internal VALIDITY as none of Burgers pps knew about Milgram's research, any volunteers that did were not allowed to take part. Pps were asked in the screening if they had taken any psychology classes and anyone who had taken two or more was excluded. This reduced demand characteristics and raised the internal validity.
This study is ETHICAL as Burger worked around potentially harming any pps and excluded volunteers who were possibly at risk of distress.
Base condition: Pps were paid immediately and got to keep the 50 dollars even if they chose to end the experiment. In the base condition, the script was kept the same as Milgrams. The experiment was ended when either the pp refused to continue after 4 prods, or the 150V switch was pressed.
Model Refusal condition: Same procedure with a few exceptions, 2 confederates were used- one was the learner, the other a 'teacher' of the same gender as the pps, rigging the draw so the confederate was teacher 1. Teacher one became reluctant and refused to continue after 90V, forcing the pps to continue.