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Eyes, Ears, Nose and Throat - Coggle Diagram
Eyes, Ears, Nose and Throat
Eyes
Symptoms and Signs in
Common ocular problems
Visual loss or Disturbance of vision
Blurry
Double vision or Diplopia
Distortion, Metamorphopsia
Glare
Halos
Dyschromatopsia
Night blindness, Nyctalopia
Floater
Flashing
Amaurosis fugax or Transient visual loss
Ocular pain or discomfort
Cause
: Inflammation, infection, trauma or
increase intraocular pressure
Irritation
Trichiasis
Entropion
Foreign body
Dry eye
Corneal abrasion
Red eye
Itching
Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis
Eye discharge
Allergic conjunctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Eye trauma
Blunt trauma
Penetrating trauma
Abnormal appearance of lids and
orbital area
Ptosis, Drooping of eyelid
Proptosis, Exophthalmos
Red swollen eyelids
Mass
Epiphora or Abnormal ocular secretion
Ears
Acute otitis externa
Causes
Exogenous; Pseudomonas aeruginosa (the most common
cause)
Endogenous; Normal flora of out ear canal such as Coagulase negative Staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Gram negative bacilli, Fungi.
Signs & symptoms
Pain in neck and face
Inflammation of outer ear
Fever
Otomycosis
Causes
• A fungus causes otomycosis
• Common fungi include Aspergillus and Candida.
Signs & symptoms
pain, itching, inflammation, swelling, redness,
flaky skin, ringing in the ears, feeling of fullness in the ears, discharge of fluid from the ears, hearing problems.
Ruptured eardrum
Causes
Middle ear infection (otitis media)
• Barotrauma
• Loud sounds or blasts (acoustic
• Foreign objects in your ear
• Severe head trauma
Signs & symptoms
Ear pain
• Ear discharge
• Loss of hearing in one ear
• Reduced hearing
• Fretfulness of child
• Child scratching at the ear
Otitis media
Causes
The infecting organisms; Streptococci
Pneumococci (in children), Hemophilus Influenza
Staphylococci and Coli forms.
Signs & symptoms
• Pain
• Vertigo
• Persistent headache
• Facial weakness
• Fever, nausea and vomiting
• Diplopia
• Abscess around ear
Foreign body in ear canal
Cause
; The majority of patients with
foreign bodies in the ear are children.
Signs & symptoms
Ear pain
• Ear discharge
• Loss of hearing in one ear
• Reduced hearing
• Fretfulness of child
• Child scratching at the ear
Impacted cerumen
Causes
Overactive ceruminous glands
• Small abnormal narrowing of the canal
• Secretion of abnormal cerumen (drier, as in elderly)
• Hearing aids or ear plugs prevent migration of cerumen.
Signs & symptoms
Pain in the ear
• A feeling of unwanted fullness in the ear
• Constant ringing noise in the ear
• Less hearing ability in the affected ear
• Cough
• Dizziness
Throat
Laryngitis
Causes; Upper respiratory infections, voice strain, smoking alcohol ingestion, and inhalation of irritating fumes
Signs & symptoms; Fever, Sore throat, Nausea and vomiting, Erythema of the pharynx and tonsils, Enlarged cervical glands, Exudative tonsils, Palatal petechial, and Scarlet fever rash.
Goiter
There are a range of possible causes of a goiter, including: Iodine deficiency, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism.
The main symptoms of goiter include: throat tightness, cough, and hoarseness, trouble swallowing, in severe cases, difficulty breathing. Other symptoms may be present because of the underlying cause of the goiter.
Nose
Nasal polyps
Causes
Asthma
Aspirin sensitivity
Chronic sinus infections
Cystic fibrosis
Hay fever (allergic rhinitis)
Signs & symptoms
Headaches.
• Loss of smell or taste.
• Nasal congestion (stuffy nose).
• Nasal drainage (runny nose).
• Nosebleeds.
• Postnasal drip (constantly feeling like you have to clear your throat).
• Pressure or pain in the sinuses, face or top teeth.
• Snoring.
Epistaxis
Causes
Child; nose picking, foreign body, exanthematous fever
Adolescents; nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, trauma, sinusitis
Adults; sinusitis, trauma
Elderly; hypertension, malignancy
Signs & symptoms
❖ Nasal bleeding
❖ Palpitations
❖ Easy Fatigability
❖ Dizziness
❖ Headache