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Clinical Biochemistry - Coggle Diagram

- - - - <35= acidemia
      - greater than 40= alkalemia
    - - <40= acidemia
      - greater than 50= alkalemia
- - - - Acidemia
      - Muscle/Tissue damage
      - In vitro hemolysis (pseudohyperkalemia)
    - - Decreased excretion (renal failure, ruptured bladder, low aldosterone)
      - Iatrogenic
    - - Decreased intake
      - Shift from ECF-->ICF (Alkalemia)
      - Increased loss (GI, renal, burns, sweating)
  - - - Excess HCl-rich fluids
        
        Vomiting
        
        Sequestration
    - - Selective loss of bicarbonate in kidneys or diarrhea
  - - - Hyperglycemia
      - Mannitol
      - Salty blood (meatballs!)
  - - - Salt poisoning
      - Hypertonic saline
      - Increased aldosterone
  - - - Toxins (e.g. Ethylene glycol)
      - Mannitol
      - Radiographic contrast medium
    - - Increased solutes (Hypernatremia, hyperglycemia, azotemia/uremia)
      - Decreased ECF volume (water loss>electrolyte loss)