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SQL(STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE), ALTER - Coggle Diagram
SQL(STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE)
DDL
(DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE)
used to define the database schema
CREATE
: This command is used to create the database or its objects (like table, index, function, views, store procedure, and triggers).
DROP
: This command is used to delete objects from the database.
ALTER
: This is used to alter the structure of the database.
TRUNCATE
: This is used to remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records are removed.
COMMENT:
This is used to add comments to the data dictionary.
RENAME
: This is used to rename an object existing in the database.
DCL
(DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE)
Commands that mainly deal with the rights, permissions, and other controls of the database system
GRANT :
This command gives users access privileges to the database.
REVOKE:
This command withdraws the user’s access privileges given by using the GRANT command.
TRANSACTION CONTROL LANGUAGE
commands that involve transaction
COMMIT:
Commits a Transaction.
ROLLBACK:
Rollbacks a transaction in case of any error occurs.
SAVEPOINT:
Sets a save point within a transaction.
SET TRANSACTION:
Specifies characteristics for the transaction.
DML
(DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE)
INSERT
: It is used to insert data into a table.
UPDATE:
It is used to update existing data within a table.
DELETE
: It is used to delete records from a database table.
LOCK:
Table control concurrency.
CALL:
Call a PL/SQL or JAVA subprogram.
EXPLAIN PLAN:
It describes the access path to data.
commands that deals with the manipulation of data present in the database
CONSTRAINTS
DQL
DATA QUERY LANGUAGE
used for performing queries on the data within schema objects.
SELECT:
It is used to retrieve data from the database.
ALTER
ADD
Add
new column
CHANGE COLUMN
Rename
column name
MODIFY
Change
datatype
of an attribute
CHANGES SCHEMA
DROP COLUMN
Drop
column completely
RENAME
Rename
table name itself