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OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER - Coggle Diagram
OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER
DIAGNOSIS, MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND PROGNOSIS OF OBSESSIVE COMPULSICE AND RELATED DISORDERS
Diagnostic Feature
compulsions (or rituals) are repetitive behaviors
(e.g., washing, checking) or mental acts
avoidance behaviour
cause marked
distress or anxiety
range of affective responses when confronted with situations that trigger obsessions and compulsions
Obsessions are repetitive and
persistent thoughts
Medical Management
Medication
Antidepressants
- increasing the amount of a chemical messenger
Psychotherapy
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- identifying an challenging maladaptive thoughts
Prognosis
chronic condition with a low rate of spontaneous remission
Left untreated
- symptoms and functional impairment fluctuate, with worsening during periods of increased life stress
With treatment
- increased rated of symptom remission. Full recovery, however, is the exception rather than the rule
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF THE OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS
Needing things orderly and symmetrical
Aggressive or horrific thoughts about losing control and harming yourself or others
Doubting and having difficulty tolerating uncertainty
Unwanted thoughts, including aggression, or sexual or religious subjects
Fear of contamination or dirt
ETIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS
Pathophysiology
Familial transmission is due in part to genetic factors
Dysfunction in the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and striatum have been most strongly implicated
Classification
Trichotillomanis (Hair-Pulling Disorder)
recurrent pulling out of one's hair
Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder
recurrent picking of one’s skin resulting in skin lesions
Hoarding Disorder
persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions
Substance/ Medication-Induced Obsessive-Compulsive and Related
due to substance intoxication or withdrawal or to a medication
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
preoccupation with one or more perceived defects by repetitive behaviors
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
due to another medical condition
Other Specified/Unspecified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder
do not meet criteria for a specific obsessive-compulsive and related disorder
Etiology
Environmental
: Physical and sexual abuse in childhood and other stressful or traumatic events have been associated with an increased risk for developing OCD
Genetic & Physiological
: The rate of OCD among first-degree relatives of adults with OCD is approximately two times that among first-degree relatives of those without the disorder
Temperamental
: Greater internalizing symptoms, higher negative emotionality, and behavioral inhibition in childhood are possible temperamental risk factors
DEFINE THE OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS
“OCD is characterized by the presence of
obsessions and/or compulsions
. Obsessions are
recurrent and persistent thoughts
, urges, or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted, whereas compulsions are
repetitive behaviors or mental acts
that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly.”