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Different Types of Assessments, Formative Assessments - During the…
Different Types of Assessments
Formative and summative assessment
What are they?
'Formative assessment refers to a wide variety of methods that teachers use to conduct in-process evaluations of student comprehension, learning needs, and academic progress during a lesson, unit, or course. '
Source
https://www.edglossary.org/formative-assessment/
Enf of year exam
A Final Project
A final presentation
Smaller scale end of Unit/Chapter exam
GCSEs/ SATs, A-Level exams
Sports competition
IELTS exam
Assessment of, as, and for learning
Assessment Pyramid Shifting
Assessment of Learning
What and Why?
Assessment of learning assists teachers in using evidence of student learning to assess achievement against outcomes and standards. Sometimes referred to as ‘summative assessment’, it usually occurs at defined key points during a teaching work or at the end of a unit, term or semester, and may be used to rank or grade students.
Teachers determine the progress or application of knowledge or skills against a standard.(Summative)
Ranking and reporting
Emphasis: Scoring, grades, and competition
Example
Final Projects; end of unit tests
Assessment for Learning
What and Why?
Assessment for learning involves teachers using evidence about students’ knowledge, understanding, and skills to inform their teaching. Sometimes referred to as ‘formative assessment’, it usually occurs throughout the teaching and learning process to clarify student learning and understanding.
Improve learning
Emphasis: Feedback, support, and collaboration
Teachers and peers check progress and learning to help learners to determine how to improve. (formative)
Example
Frequent progress monitoring
Assessment as Learning
What and Why?
Assessment as learning occurs when students are their own assessors. Students monitor their own learning, ask questions and use a range of strategies to decide what they know and can do, and how to use assessment for new learning.
Learner takes responsibility for their own learning and asks questions about their learning and the learning process and explores how to improve.(formative)
Deeper learning and learning how to learn
Emphasis: Collaboration, reflection, and self-evaluation
Examples
Peer assessment; Peer feedback; self assessment;
Resources
Assessment OF/FOR/AS Learning
Diagnostic assessment
What is Diagnostic assessment?
When an assessment happens before the learning activity, these are called diagnostic because the results can be used to diagnose problem areas to focus on during the teaching to come.
Why is it used?
In general, educators use these types of assessments to identify what students have yet to learn, diagnose any gaps in learning that will impede progress towards current learning objectives, or uncover any strengths that can be encouraged. Educators can then use this information to guide lesson and curriculum planning. Diagnostic assessments are most often thought of as being used at the beginning of the year, but they can occur at any time throughout the school year (e.g., to evaluate prerequisite knowledge gaps before moving on to the next unit of study).
Diagnostic assessments can be particularly helpful to teachers and administrators who may have a lot of new incoming students with unknown ability levels. Administrators can use diagnostic assessment information to decide on the curricula needed to support these students. Teachers can use the results to formulate personalized learning plans for individuals and assign students to groups for small group instruction.
Examples
Diagnostic Reading Assessments
Examples of informal diagnostic reading assessments
Phonological awareness surveys
Sight word lists including Fry and Dolch
Running records
Checklists and surveys for students and families to determine literacy behaviors
Student work samples including informal writing samples
Examples of standardized diagnostic reading assessments
Curriculum-Based-Measurements such as the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) which assesses phonemic awareness, alphabetical principles and phonics, oral reading fluency, comprehension and vocabulary
Reading Inventories including the Developmental Reading Assessment 2 (DRA-2) and Qualitative Reading Inventory (QRI)
Gray Oral Reading Test (GORT)
Reading Fluency Progress Monitor (RFPM) by Read Naturally
Math Diagnostic Assessment
Informal examples of math diagnostic assessments
Fact fluency assessments
Checklists and surveys for students and families to determine math behaviors.
Pretests prior to starting a new math unit
Standardized examples of math diagnostic assessments
KeyMath-3 Diagnostic Assessment
Group Mathematics Assessment and Diagnostic Evaluation (GMADE)
Resources
What is a Diagnostic Assessment?
Diagnostic Assessment in Education: Purpose, Strategies, Examples
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H-WEmsuvDsA
Performance assessment
What is it?
It is a summative assessment tool used as a substitute for testing, especially formal standard tests.
Product vs. Process
Performance assessments can assess a tangible creation such as a poster, invention or physical results of an experiment.
Performance assessments can assess student's demonstrations such as an oral presentation, singing a song or displaying a sport skill.
Performance assessment is focused more on practical or applied skills. What sets it apart from other is the assessment of the creation process of the work thus creating accountability for the process.
Why is it used?
Performance assessment looks at higher-order thinking and problem-solving skills. It also tests time management and communication amongst other important abilities.
It measures whether students can apply their knowledge appropriately in various meaningful contexts.
It allows student to monitor themselves. This metacognition is beneficial to higher level learning.
How it works?
Teachers must include standards that are expected of students as well as steps to take in applying knowledge.
Teachers sets the task. There is more than one route to completion. There should be a complex problem to tackle. There may be leeway for interpretation of the task.
Students must reach an answer but more importantly, the journey IS the destination.
Students then demonstrate their competencies in production, communication and applying content knowledge.
What's needed for success?
Templates and scoring rubrics.
Examples and/or benchmarks of both good and bad work.
Help students prepare and practice.
Involve other teachers to leverage expertise.
Examples include Project Based Learning, Portfolios and Exhibitions.
PBL
Students learn through extended projects.
There may be a number of assessments or checkpoints along the way
Key features include inquiry, exploration, and the extended duration of the project
Students are able to revise and reflect on their work.
Formative Assessments - During the learning
Why are they used?
Opportunity for the teacher to personalise instruction for each student. Information gathered from ongoing formative assessment can guide the teacher to adapt lesson plans and offer alternative methods of instruction.
A formative assessement is a snapshot of where the student is in the learning process. It enables the teacher to pinpoint painpoints and tailor their instruction
Monitors student progress during the learning
A formative assessment enables the teacher to personalise instruction for a student and potentially provide alternative methods of inst
Evaluates student process during learning
Formative assessments cover a smaller amount of content when compated to summative
While formative assessments are often informal, they can still be rigourous
Enable students to relfect on what they are learning, as they are learning it. Encourages students to assess their strengths and weaknesses
An opportunity for feedback between teacher and student during the learning process
Provides an opportunity for student to implement feedback from the teacher during the learning process
Examples
Pre Class Questions - Teacher asks the students about the content they learned in a previous class. Allows teacher to gauge what may have been overlooked, what students found interesting, as well as encouraging the students to reflect on their learning.
Summarisations - ask students to summarise what they have learned about a a given topic in 20-30 words
Exit Ticket - this is a tool that require students to reply to a few key questions at the end of a lesson. They enable educators to quickly assess students' understanding of a concept
A short quiz using something like Kahoot. A fun and informal way to check and monitor progress
Mindmap - ask students to draw a mindmap after they have been taugh a topic to assess what they have learned.
Venn Diagram - students can compare and contrast recently learned topics
3 Things - ask students to list 3 things they think fellow students may have misunderstood about a topic
Ask students to nod/clap/thumbs up to confirm they understand
Self evaluation - students are encouraged to relfect on their own work, and pinpoint their own strengths and weaknesses.
Resources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTGnJnuVNt8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-RXYTpgvB5I
https://www.nwea.org/blog/2021/what-is-formative-assessment/
Summative Assessments - After the learning
Why are they used?
Evaluate student learning, skill acquisition and academic achivements at the conclusion of the defined instructional period.
Summative assessments are used to asses larger areas of content in comaprison to formative.
Summative assessments are used to determine a student's grade for the course/period of study.
Summative assessments evaluate end learning in that they measure how much a student has learned, retained, and mastered over the course of study, Did the student learn what they were expected to?
Institutional Accountability - Summative assessments can demonstrate how an institution is performinga and if it is meeting the reqquired standards when it comes to educational quality.
What are they?
Summative assessments are used to evaluate student learning, skill acquisition, and academic achievement at the conclusion of a defined instructional period—typically at the end of a project, unit, course, semester, program, or school year.
Source
https://www.edglossary.org/summative-assessment/
Resources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjnrI3ZO2tU
https://teaching.uic.edu/resources/teaching-guides/assessment-grading-practices/summative-assessments/
Examples
