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06 SPAIN, BETWEEN ABSOLUTISM AND LIBERALISM, image, image, image, image -…
06 SPAIN, BETWEEN ABSOLUTISM AND LIBERALISM
1 THE REIGN OF FERNANDO VII AND THE RETURN TO ABSOLUTISM
Fernando VII in 1814
Lieutenant Colonel Riego
1820
restored the Constitution of 1812
Trienio Liberal
unstable period because of conflict between moderate liberals radical or fanatic liberals and absolutists
doceañistas
DÉCADA OMINOSA
Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis
Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis
period in which the king took anti-liberal and conservative measures, reinstated the Inquisition and closed universities
Fernando VII began to make contact with the doceañistas to ensure that they supported his plan for his daughter Isabel to succeed him.
1833, Fernando VII died
daughter Isabel, still a child, inherited the throne
Pragmática Sanción
This replaced the Salic Law
First Carlist War
ar between Carlos’s supporters and Isabel’s
2 THE REIGN OF ISABEL II: MODERATE LIBERALISM
she had two regents
her mother María Cristina (1833–1840)
General Espartero (1840–1843).
Military victory over the Carlists
contenders represented very different political options
Carlists supported absolutism, while Isabel’s supporters wanted a transition to moderate liberalism
Establishment of a constitutional monarchy
absolutism of the Old Regime was disappearing thanks to the separation of powers
Although judicial power was in the hands of the courts
Two-party system
Moderate Party
Progressive Party
Constitutions
Two constitutions were established
1837, was written by the progressive parliament
1845, was approved by a moderate parliament favoured by the young queen
Centralism
Despite different political tendencies on how autonomous or centralised the new state
Desamortizaciones
land was expropriated by the state to be sold at public auction
This mainly affected property that was owned by city councils (communal and personal assets) and the Church
ALTERNATION IN POWER AND MILITARY REBELLIONS
the progressives resorted to a military uprising
reign of Isabel II went through different stages
Bienio Progresista (1854–1856)
began when a group of moderate, progressive and democratic troops seized power in a rebellion known as the Vicalvarada
Crisis of moderantism (1856–1868)
Moderate Party and the Liberal Union, a centrist party, alternated in power
Década Moderada (1844–1854)
government’s position was very conservative, based on the Constitution of 1845.
Pact of Ostend (1866)
Progressives, democrats, republicans and the Liberal Union signed
Two years later, a military rebellion started a revolution
3 SEXENIO DEMOCRÁTICO: DEMOCRATIC LIBERALISM
Between September 1868 and January 1874, Spain had a democratic liberal regime, but severe political conflicts hindered the revolutionary process
The Revolution of 1868
La Gloriosa
progressive General Juan Prim and General Serrano organised
Isabel II went into exile in France and the Sexenio Democrático began
The democratic monarchy under Amadeo I (1871–1873).
Constitution of 1869 established a democratic monarchy, but the Parliament did not want a Bourbon monarch
They selected Amadeo of Savoy, an Italian candidate supported by Prim, as the new king
THE REIGN OF AMADEO I
The First Republic (1873–1874)
four presidents during this 11-month period
none of them managed to resolve the political disagreement amongst republicans about the degree of federalism the state should have
GENERAL PAVIA’S COUP D’ÉTAT (1874)
led by General Pavía
This made it possible for Alfonso of Bourbon to return to the throne.
beginning of workers’ protests with the heavy weight of anarchism and the war against the Cuban independence movement
