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Developmental/Psychiatric Theories - Coggle Diagram
Developmental/Psychiatric Theories
Erikson
Infancy
0-1 Trust vs. mistrust
Early childhood
1-3 Autonomy v. shame & doubt
Late childhood
3-6 initiative vs. guilt
school age
6-12 industry vs. inferiority
adolescence
12-20 identity vs role confusion
Early adulthood
20-35 intimacy vs. isolation
Middle adulthood
35-65 generativity vs self absooprtion or stagnation
Late adulthood
65+ integrity vs despair
Freud
Oral Stage
Ages: 0-18 months
sucking
chewing
feeding
crying
Anal Stage
18 mo. - 3 years
sphincter control
activities of expulsion and retention
Phallic Stage
3-6 years
exhibitionism
masturbation
oedipal
castration anxiety
female fear of lost maternal love
Latency Stage
6-puberty
peer relationships
learning
motor skills
development
socialization
Genital Stage
puberty onward
integration and synthesis of behaviors from early stages
primary genital based sexuality
Id
Primary drives or instincts/urges
hunger
sex
aggression
largely unconscious
pleasure principle
immediate satisfaction
present at birth
"I want"
Ego
external reality
rational mind
logical thinking
abstract thinking
adaptation
reality principle
defense mechanisms
"I think, i evaluate"
Superego
ego ideal
sense of conscience or right v. wrong
aspirations
ideals
moral values
guilt and shame
"I should or ought"
Reaction formation
often called overcompensation
unacceptable feelings, thoughts, behaviors pushed from conscious awareness
Piaget
Sensorimotor
birth-2
object permanence
Preoperational
2-7
more extensive use of languge and sumbolism
magical thinking
Concrete operations
7-12
child begins to use logic
develops concepts of reversibility and conservation
formal operations
12-adult
ability to think abstractly
thinking operates in a formal, logical manner
Hierarchy of Needs
survival (base)
safety & security
love and belonging
self esteem
self actualization (top of pyramid)
Orem
Theory of self-care
Peplau
therapeutic nurse/patient relationship
interpersonal theory of nursing