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Schizophrenia - Coggle Diagram
Schizophrenia
Classification of SZ
Positive Symptoms:
Hallucinations
Delusions
Negative Symptoms
Avolition
Lack of motivation
Lack of willed behaviour
Speech Poverty
Low vocabulary
Limited output often repetitive content
Issues of classification and diagnosis :
Validity
Co-morbidity
When two or more conditions co-occur, e.g. OCD
Symptom overlap
Reliability
Culture bias
Ethnocentric Diagnosis
Schizophrenia is more commonly diagnosed amongst African-American and African-Caribbean populations in the US and UK than other groups (Harrison et al.). It is unclear whether greater genetic vulnerability, psychosocial factors associated with being part of a minority group or misdiagnosis due to expectation.
Cochrane (1997) black people were more often diagnosed as schizophrenic than white people or Asians. However, while this high rate of diagnosis for black people is found in Britain, it is not found in such countries as Jamaica where black people are the majority, suggesting a cultural bias in diagnosis among British psychiatrists.
Misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, e.g. Amazon people take hallucinogenic drugs in order to have hallucinations, which are seen as having spiritual advantages (connecting with the dead). This shows that certain cultures regard such symptoms in a positive light and so the negative connotations imposed by western culture may lack validity.
Indigenous Psychologies: Schizophrenia should classified relative to the culture in which they're diagnosed.
Gender bias