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Diseases of Immune System - Coggle Diagram
Diseases of Immune System
Hypersensitivity
Cytotoxic
Immunoglobulins attack antigens
Ex. Blood transfusion reaction
Immune Complex
antigen-antibody deposits in tissue which causes damage in tissues
systemic- lupus; localized- rheumatoid arthritis
Immediate (allergies)
Process
allergen interacts with antigen-presenting cell, B cells are activated and produces IgEs which bind to mast cells that causes degranulation that induces allergy symptoms
Anaphylaxis
bronchoconstriction, swelling of facial areas, uriticaria,
Epi-pen (epinephrine) counteracts response
Delayed
previous exposure to antigen primes T cell
T cell attacks are delayed
Ex. poison ivy, transplant rejection
Autoimmune Disorders
Rheumatoid Arthritis
genetic factor, environmental factor, hormonal influence
symmetrical tender swollen joints, stiff joints in morning
Diagnosis: ACR, rheumatoid factor, ESR, swan neck,
Treatment: NSAIDs, methotrexate, DMARDs, immunosuppressants
Sarcoidosis
chronic, multi-system
accumulation of T cells, macrophages in organs
Diagnosis: chest x-ray (bilateral hilar), biopsy of sarcoid lesion
Treatment: good prognosis, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressive agents; clears spontaneously in 50% of patients
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
skin rash, joint inflammation, kidney damage, vasculitis, Raynaud's phenomenon
genetic predisposition, environmental factors, hormonal component
Diagnosis: history, physical exam and lab results
Treatment: NSAIDs, corticosteroids, methotrexate
Sjögren's syndrome
dry eyes & mouth, immunological destruction of lacrimal & salivary glands
Diagnosis: ANAs, anti-Ro & anti-La
Treatment: symptom relief and limit damage due to dry eye & mouth
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)
accumulation of fibrous tissue in skin and organs
CREST: calcinosi, Raynaud’s phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia syndrome
Diagnosis: elevated ANAs, "ground glass" in lungs
Treatment: NSAIDs, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants
Polyarteritis Nodosa
necrotizing inflammation of blood vessels
resembles Type III
renal and visceral blood supplies are most affected
Diagnosis: anti-cytoplasmic antibodies
Immunodeficiency Disorders
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
T cells unable to respond to Candida
Selective IgA Deficiency
most common immune deficiencies
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Its decreased, defect in B cells, diagnosis after year 2
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
X-linked recessive
eczema, thrombocytopenia, and increased disease risk
defect impairs development of T cells, platelets, and Igs
Treatment: bone marrow transplant, prophylactic antibiotics
SCID
B and T cells malfunction
treatment: bone marrow transplant
DiGeorge Syndrome
T cell deficiency due to lack of thymus development
multidisciplinary health care needed
HIV
destroys CD4 cell
Treatment: high mutation rate makes vaccine development difficult
Transmission: sexual activity, blood, breast milk, organ transplant
Antiretroviral therapy
different medications with different mech.