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radiation- when elements have an unstable amount of neutrons and protons in the nucleus and therefore excess atoms are radiated out of the element and cause a chain reaction with other particles. During radioactive decay the nucleus emits heat and new elemtents are created
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stopped by
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Beta: will pass through body, stopped by thin metal
Gamma: will pass through body, only stopped by thick lead or concrete
dangers
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All radionuclides can accumulate in certain organs (eg kidneys, lungs) or bone marrow, leading to higher intensity of radiation and higher risk of cell damage
Overall risk of damage also greater for certain groups: infants, pregnant women, older people
On contact with skin, radiation can damage living cells, leading to range of illnesses including cancer, sterility, mutations, leukaemia
doses
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- one CT scan of spine = 10mSv
- lethal dose for 50% of those exposed = 5000mSv
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