Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Citizenship Paper 1 - Coggle Diagram
Citizenship Paper 1
Democracy
Our democratic system
First Past the Post
Highest amount of votes in a constituency wins a seat for that party, most seats for a party wins
Pros
1 party has control over parliament
Cons
Tactical voting
2 Party system
Disconnects people from voting
Alternatives
Proportional Representation
Pros
No Tactical Voting
More parties get a voice
Cons
Hung Parliament
Discriminatory parties get a voice
Seats awarded in the House of commons are based off of a % of the total results
Local Democracy
Local Council
Other
Local Elections
Every 4 years
If a new councillor is required during a term, a by-election would be held
Usually represents political party, however they can be independent.
Can stand in an election as long as they are at least the age of 18
Funding
Council Tax
Local area pays an amount towards the council which is based off of the size of their house and property
Selling Land
Government
Business Tax
Responsibilities
Public Services
roads, footpaths, parks
Rubbish collection
Libraries
Leisure Centres
Political Power
Devolution
The transfer of power from central government to individual parliamentary buildings
Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland
Devoluted powers
They have control over Education
Health Care
Government - Assembled by the PM, other members in the governments are assigned a cabinet role; which are experts in particular areas of the country.
PM
Highest power in the House of commons
Leader of the winning political party
Manifesto - political promise made by a party
Parliamentary Roles
Speaker - decides who speaks in the House of Commons
Whip - Persuades party members to vote a particular way
Opposition - All of the losing parties
Front bencher - consisting of the government + the shadow government
Back bencher - other MPS
Legislation process
Bill, Green Paper, Parliamentary Ping Pong, Royal Assent
HoL
Debates Legislation
Amends laws being processed in parliament
Common/Case Law - Made by judges (Judicial)
Statute Law - Made by Gov + Parliament (Executive)
EU Law
Legislative
Legal stuff
Aim of the Law
Rehabilitation
Deterrence
Protection
Reparation
Retribution
Civil Courts
Court of Appeal
High Court of Justice
Supreme Court
County Court
Employment Tribunal
Small Claims
Family Court
Criminal Courts
Court of Appeal
Crown Courts
Supreme Court
Magistrates
Everyone gets a fair trial, regardless of what they are accused of
Everyone is innocent until proven guilty
Rights
Political Rights
Rights that are necessary in participating in democracy
Examples
Freedom of Expression
Freedom of speech
Right to Vote
Right to a peaceful protest
Qualified Rights
Rights that can be restricted
Absolute Right
Rights that can't be restricted
Human Rights Act 1998 (16)
Legal document guaranteeing human rights in the UK
UDHR
British Bill of Rights.
Equality Act 2010
Age, Disability, Gender Reassignment, Race, Religion, Sex (Gender), Sexual orientation, Pregnancy, Marriage
Constitution - Set of rules which govern how rules are made
Uncodified - Constitution spread across multiple documents
Cons
Not taught about
Difficult to see which rule is supreme
Pros
Easy to change
Codified - Constitution on only 1 document
Pros
Taught about
Rules clarified in importance
Cons
Difficult to change
Mediation
Both sides of a court case comes to a compromise
CPS - Crown Prosecution Service
Determines whether to prosecute a 'criminal' based on whether or not there is enough evidence.
Magna Carta - Book signed by a King in 1215 placing the monarch and high authorities under the law.
Prisons vs Community service
Prisons
Pro
Public Protected
Rehabilitation
Retribution
Cons
Understaffed
Expensive to maintain
Overcrowded
Community Service
Cons
'Easy Option'
No Retribution
Likely to Reoffend
Pro
Keep Family
Cheap Labour
New Skills
People in UK
Community
Working Age - Those within the age range to where they could work
Aging Population - Population where there's a gradual increase in old people compared to the working age.
Solution - increase working age limit
Diversity
Multicultural - Someone who is apart of several cultural backgrounds
Cultural Identity - When someone identifies by the cultures that they are associated with.
Segregation - the separation of someone or an object based on something
Immigration
Cons
Unemployed workers blame it on immigrants
Immigrants may have large families which may provide stress towards health and educational services.
Could provoke some people to be discriminatory
Pros
Can provide more jobs
More people at the working age
More people to pay taxes
Economic Migrant - Someone who moves for financial purposes (work)
Refugee - Someone having to move in order to avoid danger or a war.
Asylum Seeker - Someone who moves in order to avoid persecution from their own country
Problems: may not have evidence
Other stuff
Snooper's Charter
Pros
Can be used for Countering Terrorist communications
Cons
Infringes Right to Privacy
Act which allows the police to access digital devices and accounts without permission
Volunteering
A person who does something, especially helping other people, willingly and without being forced or paid to work.
Parliamentary Sovereignty - Parliament wanting to rule supreme