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Inversion - Coggle Diagram
Inversion
2 clause
one event quickly followed another
No sooner ++ Hardly / Barely / Scarcely
Hardly / Barely / Scarcely + (had + S + Vp2) + when / before + (S +
Vp1)
Hardly
had I arrived
home when my phone rang.
Scarcely
had she finished
reading when she fell asleep.
Barely
had they won
the match when the coach had a heart attack.
No sooner + (had + S + Vp2) + than + (S + Vp1)
No sooner
had the company launched
its new product than it went
bankrupt.
Not only....but also
Not only + (Auxiliary/modal verb + Subject + Verb), but also (Subject + Verb)
Not only
was it raining all day at the wedding
but also
the band was
late.
Not only
will they paint the outside of the house
but also
the inside.
Not only
did she forget my birthday,
but
she
also
didn’t even apologise
for forgetting it.
So/such....that
So + Adjective + to be + Subject + (that + Subject + Verb)
So strong
was the wind
that we couldn't open the window. (The wind was so
strong that we couldn't open the window.)
So + Adverb + Auxiliary/modal verb + Subject + Verb + (that + Subject +
Verb)
So quickly
did he run
that the others couldn't catch up with him. (He ran
so quickly that the others couldn't catch up with him.)
Such + to be Subject + (that + Subject + Verb)
Such
was the wind
that we couldn't open the window
As/ However/ No matter
To emphasize the contrast
Adj/Adv + as/though + (Subject + Verb), (Subject + Verb)
Though
he was clever, he could not solve the puzzle.
=> Clever
as
he was, he could not solve the puzzle.
Strong
as he was he could beat his opponent. = Though he was strong
he could not beat his opponent.
Cold as it was, we went out. = Though it was cold, we went out.
Tired as he was, he went on working. = Though he was tired he went on
working.
However + Adj/Adv + (Subject + Verb), (Subject + Verb)
However hungry
I am, I 'm never able to finish a whole pizza.
No matter how + Adj/Adv + (Subject + Verb), (Subject + Verb)
No matter how nice
she was, she sometimes lost her temper
SO, NEITHER, and NOR
so
I like coffee and he does, too. (= normal word order)
I like coffee and
so
does he. (= inversion)
neither
They weren't hungry, and
neither
were they thirsty. (= inversion)
They weren't hungry and
neither
was I. (= inversion)
nor
Hokming cannot speak Portugese, and Jose cannot speak
Cantonese, too. (= normal word order)
Hokming cannot speak Portugese,
nor
Jose cannot speak
Cantonese. (= inversion)
Why?
FORMALITY
DRAMA
EMPHASIS
Questions
Auxiliary/Modal verb + Subject + Main Verb
Negative Adverb + Auxiliary/modal verb + Subject + Main Verb
Never
[AUX]have [S]we witnessed such cruel behaviour by one child to
another. (or We have never witnessed …)
Seldom
does one hear a politician say ‘sorry’. (or One seldom hears …)
Little
did they know about me.
Scarcely
do they go to a tour.
Rarely
do we see gypsies.
Hardly
ever do they talk to each other.
No
"No" phrase + Auxiliary/modal verb + Subject + Main Verb
In no way
do I agree with what you're saying.
On no account
should you do anything without asking me first.
Nowhere
have I ever had such bad service.
In/Under no circumstance
will I betray my own country.
At no time/point/stage
was the result of the match in doubt
not
(Not + phrase/clause) + Auxiliary/modal verb + Subject + Main Verb
Not for a moment
did I think I would be offered the job.
Not till/until
I got home did I realise my wallet was missing.
only
(Only + phrase/clause) + Auxiliary/modal verb + Subject + Main Verb
Only + phrase/clause
Only if
they come would I go
Only by
researching can you solve this problem.
Only after
lunch can you play.
Only when
we'd all arrived home did I feel calm.
Only + Auxiliary/modal verb + Subject + Main Verb
Only later
did she really think about the situation.
Only in this way
could John earn enough money to survive.
Adverbs of Place
Here/There/Prepositional Phrases + Main Verb + Subject
Here
comes the bus!
Here’s
your coffee.
I opened the door and
there stood Michael
, all covered in mud
She looked out and
there was Pamela
, walking along arm in arm with
Goldie.
Into the room
came she when I was sleeping.
Behind
me cries a child.
Over the table
hangs a painting.
Adverb particles
Up, down, in, out, on, off, away, back, etc. + Subject (personal
pronoun) + Main verb
personal
pronoun
Off
they
went on a hunting spree.
Down he fell from his horse.
Up we went to the twenty-first floor.
Out they came from their dirty hiding place.
Subject
Off went the soldiers
with the prisoners and booty. (
NOT Off
the
soldiers went with the prisoners …)
Present and Past Participles
Participial Phrase + to be + Subject
A boy is sitting on the grass reading a picture.
=> Sitting on the grass reading a book is a boy.
Two girls are tied and abandoned in a house.
=> Tied and abandoned in a house are two girls.