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schizophrenia :red_flag:, 腦內多巴胺功能過度亢奮, information overload :warning: -…

- - - - 思想抽離
        
        相信自己的思想已被某種外在力量取走
      - 思想插入
        
        外來的思想已被放入自己的心智內
      - 被控制妄想
        
        自己的身體或行動被某種外在力量操縱控制
      - 怪異（bizarre）妄想
    - - 突出感 (salience)
        
        chaotic dopamine firing
        
        平時覺得很普通而不特別的事件，都會覺得異常
        
        前驅期
        
        develop explanations
        
        delusions of reference
        
        正常人：對重要資訊產生salience，其餘被淡化
      - connected to reward or punishment
  - - - 任何知覺形式
        
        聽幻覺
  - - - derailment 聯想鬆弛
        
        由A主題脫軌至另一主題
      - tangentiality 講話不相切
        
        勉強地相關聯或完全無關聯
      - 語無倫次（incoherence）
        
        文字拼盤（word salad）
        
        語言嚴重解構
      - 實質妨礙有效的溝通
      - 可能出現在前驅期及殘餘期
  - - - inability to feel pleasure
      - difficulty forming relationship
      - DSM-5準則A5
      - 做事動機降低(avolition）
      - 貧語症(alogia）
      - flat emotion
- - - - 病人主觀的不適
        
        會談式記錄
        
        把有代表性、能夠反應病人思考和覺察能力的談話過程記錄下來
    - - 客觀資訊
        
        精神狀態檢查 (Mental status examination, MSE)
        
        範例
    - - 當前的診斷及評估
    - - 處置計畫
- - - - dampened salience 穩定情緒
    - - cause
        
        nonspecific
      - difficultly assigning salience
- - - - Brain development
      - Neurotransmitters
        
        carry messages between brain cells
        
        dopamine
        
        serotonin
    - - tends to run in families
      - no single gene is thought to be responsible
      - partly inherited
        
        studies of twins
        
        identical twins
        
        if a twin develops
        
        the other twin has a 1 in 2 chance of developing
        
        non-identical twins
        
        the other only has a 1 in 8 chance of developing
- - - - feeling suspicious or fearful
      - worrying about people's motives
      - hearing quiet voices now and again
      - finding it difficult to concentrate
  - - - orally
      - injection
        
        every 2 to 4 weeks
        
        slow-release antipsychotics
      - typical antipsychotics
      - atypical antipsychotics
  - - - social workers
      - community mental health nurses
      - occupational therapists
      - pharmacists
      - counsellors and psychotherapists
      - psychologists and psychiatrists
        
        the psychiatrist is usually the senior clinician in the team
        
        Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
        
        Family therapy