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DNA and RNA - Coggle Diagram
DNA and RNA
Bases
Guanine
Pairs with Cytosine, DNA and RNA, Purines.
Cytosine
Pairs with Guanine, DNA and RNA, Pyrimidines.
Adenine
Pairs with Thymine and Uracil, DNA and RNA, Purines.
Thymine
Pairs with Adenine, DNA, Pyrimidines.
Uracil
Pairs with Adenine, RNA, Pyrimidines.
- RNA (ribose nucleic acid) is used to transfer genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes.
- DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) is used to store genetic information.
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Nucleotides
Polynucleotides
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The nucleotides join via a condensation reaction between one nucleotides phosphate group and one nucleotides sugar.
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Nucleotides
It is a biological molecule made from a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogen organic base. Nucleotides are monomers.
Structure
DNA
- Two hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine, and three hydrogen bonds form between cytosine and guanine.
- Two anti-parallel (running in opposite 5' to 3' directions) polynucleotide strands twist to form the DNA double helix.
- Adenine always pairs with Thymine (A and T) and Cytosine always pairs with Guanine (C and G). This means that there are always equal amounts of adenine thymine in a DNA molecule and equal amounts of cytosine and guanine.
- DNA was first observed in the 1800s, but lots of scientists at the time doubted that it could carry the genetic code because it has a relatively simple chemical composition. Some argued that genetic information must be carried by proteins - which are much more chemically varied.
- Each base can only join with one particular partner - this is called complementary base pairing (or specific base pairing).
- Two DNA polynucleotide strands join together by hydrogen binding between the bases.
- By 1953, experiments had shown that DNA was the carrier of genetic code. This was also the year in which the double helix structure, which helps DNA to carry out its function, was determined by Watson and Crick.
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