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American Self-Making, "From that moment, I understood the pathway…
American Self-Making
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
Ben Franklin : Helped write and sign the Declaration of Independence. He also helped write the United States Constitution.
RELIGION
PURITAN RELIGION
Anne Hutchinson : spiritual leader in colonial Massachusetts. Preached to both women and men and questioned Puritan teachings about salvation.
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Mary Rowlandson: when she was captive she relied on religion to make sense of what was happening to her, also relied on it as a source of hope
"Yet the Lord still showed mercy to me, and helped me; and as he wounded me with one hand, so he healed me with the other"
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SERMONS
John Winthrop: discusses the moral laws that should dictate relationships between community members
(wrote a "A Model of Christian Charity")
"Thirdly, every man might have need of others, and from hence they might be all knit more nearly together in the bonds of brotherly affection"
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TRANSDENTALISM
Henry David Thoreau : wrote Civial Disobediance which criticized Americas social institutions and policies. He believed that the government is not useful and that when a government is unjust, people should refuse to follow the law.
"I heartily accept the motto,—"That government is best which governs least"; and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically."
FREEDOM
LITERACY AND EDUCATION
Phyllis Wheatley: first African American women to publish a book of poems, had to prove authorship in trial, later gained her freedom in 1773. Encouraged George Washington to continue fighting for American Independence.
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Abigail Adams : wrote letters to her husband John Adams. she urged him and other continental congress not to forget about the nations women when fighting for independence
ROMANTICISM
Edgar Allen Poe : American poet who hold romantic views of the past, more politically conservative, and skeptical of democracy. Best know for "Tell Tale Heart", "The Raven", "The Conquerer Worm" and "Anabel Lee".
"For it was not the old man I felt I had to kill; it was the eye, his evil eye" (quote from Tell Tale Heart"
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WEALTH
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UPPER CLASS WEALTH
Andrew Carnegie: owner of Carnegie steel and was a leading philanthropist. He believed that wealthy people should spend their money to benefit the greater good in hopes to close the widening gap between rich people and poor people.
Rights Movements
Civil Rights Movement
Martin Luther King Jr: minister, activist, and prominent civil rights movement leader. He used non-violent action to try to resolve the inequality across races. Very well known for "Letter From Birmingham Jail" after he was put in jail for peacefully protesting.
"... but the white moderate who is more devoted to "order" than to justice; who prefers a negative peace which is the absence of tension to a positive peace which is the presence of justice" -Letter from Birmingham Jail
Malcolm X: American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement. He labeled white people as the common "enemy" and oppressor of black people. Malcolm X had a more of a any means necessary approach compared to King who took the approach of non-violence.
"You are nothing but a ex-slave. You don't like to be told that. But what else are you? You are ex-slaves" - Message to the Grassroots
Women's Rights
Phyllis Schlafly: conservative activist who believed that women were the most privileged group of people. She believed that women were built by God to have children, have few duties/responsibilities, and that they should not be angry at men because of this.
"The claim that American women are downtrodden and unfairly treated is the fraud of the century" -1972 speech
Betty Friedan: feminist writer and activist. Wrote "The Probelm That Has No Name" which explored the dissatisfaction that women felt from being a housewife and how they were socially conditioned to not be ambitious or have other desires outside of caring for a family.
"They learned that truly feminine women do not want careers, higher education, political rights-the independence and the opportunities that the old-fashioned feminists fought for" - "The Problem That Has No Name"
Audre Lorde: writer and radical feminist. Wrote "The Master's Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master's House" which dove into how the discussion of feminist theory is lacking significant input from poor women, Black women, third world women, and lesbians. She talks about intersectional structures and the systems of oppression that are ignored while discussing the feminist movement.
"As women, we have been taught either to ignore our differences, or to view them as causes for separation and suspiciion rather than as forces for change"
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"From that moment, I understood the pathway from slavery to freedom"
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"We have an opportunity to remake American and make it an example of freedom for the world, we should seize it"
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""Thirdly, every man might have need of others, and from hence they might be all knit more nearly together in the bonds of brotherly affection"
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Jacob Riis: he began early mud racking journalism. he was known for "How The Other Half Lives" which documented the living conditions in New York slums in the 1880s
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E.A Ross: made the short silent film "The Social Effect of Immigration". Wanted to restrict immigration and was a supporter of eugenics
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Henry Ford: most famous for his company and its success. He was anti-Semitic and his newspaper "The Dearborn Independent" included anti-Semitic content.
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"No," said Dick; "I'll give him some new ones, but mine I want to keep, to remind me of the hard times I've had, when I was an ignorant boot-black, and never expected to be anything better."
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