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Richard and john topic 1: life and government in England 1189-1216 -…
Richard and john topic 1: life and government in England 1189-1216
feudal system
king- at the top of the feudal system, granted land and tax concessions, provided peace law and protection in return for loyalty and service
barons- under the king in the feudal pyramid, assisted and helped govern alongside the king, they were granted land and other privileges, they provided king with knights service based on their set quota and tax
knights- provided military service in return for land tax, were provided land to be worked by barons
peasants- provided land service for knights
kingship and succession
the rights of succession followed the Norman principle that the eldest son would inherit his fathers title and land
succession was important because it could otherwise become unclear who the next monarch could be which resulted in civil war
when the king was anointed with holy oils he was given divine authority meaning his subjects couldn't question his authority
king's duties:
during the coronation he has to take an oath to keep peace and maintain justice
one of the most important duties was to protect the kingdom from attack and foreign invasion and civil wars
he needed to have string military skills
rituals-
most important ritual was being anointed with holy oils in front of important nobles and clerics
rituals and public displays of kingship like crown wearing encouraged loyalty to the monarch as it reminded people of his power and authority
royal government and finance
Royal government was focused on maintaining law and order and providing taxes to help the king defend his kingdom.
Both Richard and John demanded vast sums of money from their subjects.
Sums of money that the King could collect from his lands and through taxes may seem small, but at this time in History English monarchs were some of the richest in Europe.
the royal revenues- when the kings called on their subjects for money
taxes were collected by sheriffs meaning they could become very rich until the reign of king john
feudal incidents- paid to the king when he called on his vassals for money e.g Payment to provide a dowry for the king’s eldest daughter
English society
Society in England was hierarchical, and highly religious to the Roman Catholic Church.
jews were outcast by society due to their religion
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