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Forms of Urbanisation - Coggle Diagram
Forms of Urbanisation
Suburbanisation
The decentralisation of people, employment and services towards the outskirts of a city or the 'edge cities'. This outward growth of lower density urban development 'urban sprawl' is closely linked to the development of transport networks, particularly roads or the London extension of the underground
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consequences
Negative
Increasing social segregation within cities as the wealthy move out to the subrubs and the poor remain in inner city
Diversion of funding from the inner city to build infrastructure and services away from the city centre
Positive
Less need for high density, high rise housing and instead low density, low rise buildings which is better for residents
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The affluent people that move to the suburbs cause retail centres on the outskirts which can create employment opportunities
Case study
Newcastle great park
A suburban development project funded by the government which is planned to be built on a greenfield site
The environmentalists argue that is could endanger a squirrel population that inhabits that area, some may also argue that the average price of a house there will be 200 000 which is well beyond the average wage for a newcastle resident meaning that it could increase social segregation
Lots of new jobs created as a business park is planned to be there and an integrated transport link is planned there so there will be any more transport links such as buses
Counter-urbanisation
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Causes
Push factors
Poor quality housing, low environmental quality, large scale unemployment such as in Newcastle
Pull factors
More space, safer living,
Consequences
Positive
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Light industry may develop, b&bs
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Case study
Cramlington new town
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Many of the classic new town features can also be observed, including cycle and walk ways, leisure facilities, good schools, road access and great transport links.
Urban Resurgence
Population movement from rural areas back to urban areas. Associated with upwardly, mobile young people including couples and also university students who are pulled to the '24 hour city'. This influx of young people causes the revival of some inner city and CBD areas
There was a risk that CBDS and the inner city would suffer and continue in decline and therefore the government had to take initiatives to encourage urban resurgence to stop the doughnut effect
Initiatives
Pedestrianism - restricting motor vehicle access to inner city shopping areas to create less polluted areas and make shoppers feel safer
Grants were made to business looking to rejuvenate derelict areas such as Battersea Power station in London
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It improves the economic, environmental and economic conditions of urban areas
What is urbanisation
Urbanisation is an increase in proportion of a country's population living in urban areas such as a city