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SPAIN, BETWEEN ABSOLUTISM AND LIBERALISM, image, image, image, image,…
SPAIN, BETWEEN ABSOLUTISM AND LIBERALISM
THE REIGN OF FERNANDO VII AND THE RETURN TO ABSOLUTISM
After the restoration of absolutism
in 1818
the restoration was made by Fernando VII
liberal military uprisings followed but were repressed
in 1820
troops under Colonel Riego suppose to travel to America
they revolted against Fernando VII
restored the Constitution
it marked the start of the Trienio Liberal
década ominosa
in 1823
Fernando invoked the Treaty of the Holy Alliance
an army of French soldiers and Spanish volunteers
Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis
they invaded Spain and restored the Throne
it marked the start of the decade ominosa
during this period
Fernando made contact with the doceañistas
make sure they supported him
he wanted his daughter to succeed him
in 1833
Fernando VII died
his daughter inherited the throne
he invented a new law the Pragmática sanción
this replaced the Salic law
and triggered the first Carlist war
she was very young
THE REIGN OF ISABEL II: MODERATE LIBERALISM
she was too young to reign
she had two regents
general espartero
her mother
foundations were laid
two-party system
two political parties
two types of liberalism
progressive party
censitary sufrague less restricted
reedom of religion
parliament
moderate party
monarch and parliament
restricted censitary suffrage
Catholicism
constitutions
two constitutions were stablished
1837
written by the progressive parliament
1845
aprroved by a moderate parliament
Establishment of a constitutional monarchy
absolutism of the old regime was disappearing
due to separation of powers
despite the move monarchies maintained a lot of power
centralism
moderantism imposed a centralized government
military victory over the Carlists
two contenders for the throne
Isabel
Don Carlos
they represented different parties
Carlists: absolutism
Isabel's supporters: moderate liberalism
led to the first Carlist war
won by Isabel's supporters
desamortizaciones
land was expropriated
affected mainly
the Church
city councils
the two main desamortizaciones
carried out by progressive governments
Madoz (1855)
Méndizabal (1836)
with them they had financial resources
to fight the Carlists
reign of Isabel different stages
Bienio progresista (1854-1856)
a group seized power
Vicalvarada
desamortización of Madoz took place
railways were promoted
atemos to liberalise politics
queen handed moderates power
Crisis of moderatism (1854-1868)
Moderate party and liberal union alternated power
opposition was excluded
harshly repressed
politicians
students
the military
Decáda moderada (1844-1854)
giverments position was conservative
based on the Contistution of 1845
progressives were marginalized
Democratic Party was suppressed
SEXENIO DEMOCRATICO: DEMOCRATIC LIBERALISM
Spain had a democratic liberal regime
several political conflicts
The democratic monarchy under Amadeo I (1871-1873)
Constitution of 1869
established a democratic monarchy
parliament did not want a Bourbon monarch
selected Amadeo I
Short reign
he did not have supporters cause Prim died
he abdicated
first republic was created
Italian candidate supported by Prim
The First Republic (1873-1874)
four presidents
Pi i Margal
Salmerón
Figueras
Castelar
none of them managed to resolve political disagreements
The Revolution of 1868
agreement made in Ostend
General Juan Prim and General Serrano
organized the revolution of 1868
La Gloriosa
Isabele went into exile
Sexenio democratico started
politics democratized
in 1869
new constitution was approved
the most advanced to date
General Pavia's coup d'etat (1874)
start of workers' protests
heavy weight of anarchism
war against Cuban independence
weakened the government
coup d'état led by Pavia
Alfonso of Bourbon could return to the throne
