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04 LIBERAL REVOLUTIONS, After Congress of Vienna, there were three waves…
04 LIBERAL REVOLUTIONS
1 THE RESTORATION IS OVERTURNED
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAVE OF 1830
After king abdication, parliamentary monarchy was established under Louis Philippe of Orleans
Belgians proclaimed independence from Netherlands Kingdom
In 1830, groups of intellectuals organised the July Revolution
Louis XVIII, was succeeded by Charles X
Charles X overthrow influenced nationalistic uprising in Poland
LIBERTY LEADING THE PEOPLE BY FERDINAND-EUGÈNE-VICTOR DELACROIX (1798–1863)
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAVE OF 1848
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte proclaimed the Second French Empire in 1851
Revolution of 1848 spread to cities in Austria, the German Confederation, Italy and Russia.
all led to a revolution in which Second French Republic was proclaimed
workers suffered the most from effects of an intense international economic crisis that began in 1845
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAVE OF 1820
In 1822, there were revolutionary outbreaks in France and Russia
Democratic assembly declared Greece’s independence
Holy Alliance declined due to divisions among its members and to Great Britain’s criticism of its work.
Great Britain, Russia and France took part in the war in 1827
Holy Alliance took part in military interventions in Spain, Naples and Piedmont and reinstated absolutism.
2 THE CONSOLIDATION OF LIBERAL REGIMES
GREAT BRITAIN
Much of British success due to reforming its laws
For most of the 19th century, Queen Victoria was the monarch
PRUSSIA AND AUSTRIA
in 1867 Austro-Hungarian Empire was created
Russia
had an absolutist political system
1848 revolution led to establishment of censitary suffrage and constitutional texts in Prussia and Austria
political parties were organized to promote their ideas and interests.
THE UNITED STATES
The North won under the leadership of Abraham Lincoln
They also established racial segregation
the attempt to form an independent state led to the American Civil War (1861–1865).
Wyoming state was the first to recognise women’s suffrage
great territorial expansion to the west resulted in the submission of the indigenous population
Political stability attracted mass immigration from Europe
democrats defended universal manhood suffrage under the principle of ‘one man, one vote’
ELLIS ISLAND
became a symbol of great waves of European migrants arriving in U.S
Today, it is a museum
45 million Europeans emigrated to young countries and colonial dominions
FRANCE
regime was established that maintained universal manhood suffrage.
Instead of elections, the emperor called plebiscites or referendums
After Congress of Vienna, there were three waves of antiabsolutist revolutionary movements
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