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squatter settlements in Rio - Coggle Diagram
squatter settlements in Rio
growth of them
brazils largest favela with a population of over 180,000. there are over 600 favelas in rio
squatter settlement = settlements that lack basic services and the people have no legal right to the land on which their homes are built
people arrive from countryside and construct their houses from whatever materials they can find (wood, brick, corrugated iron, tiles).
located on the side of a steep hill meaning that landslides are very common with rain so many people die from landslides
in one week in april in 2010 heavy rainfall triggered landslides that killed 153 people
limited road access so rubbish doesn't get collected and ends up in open drains with untreated sewage. this creates a big health risk and outbreaks of things such as cholera and dengue fever (spread by mosquitos) are very common.
infant mortality rates are twice as high as in other parts of rio.
many residents and visitors see it as dangerous, there where 8 murders in 2 months in early 2012.
often associated with organised crime, key haven for drug traffickers, armed gangs that are funded by the drugs trade.
employment
very close to some of Rios richest neighbourhoods so its near sources of employment
most residents work informal jobs so are poorly paid which is due to lack of available jobs in the formal sector and lack of educational skills to work in higher waged jobs
informal sector jobs include casual labour on construction sites, cleaning work, street peddling.
bussiness that collects cans and bottles and seels them on for recycling but income is less than $100 a month
unemployment rate of as high as 20%
the favela bairro project
project run by local authorities funded with loans from the inter-American development bank. aims to improve quality of life of the urban poor
quality of life = peoples well-being including their access to work, education, healthcare, housing, safety...
widening and naming streets - vehicles can gain access for waste collection
installing electricity cables - homes can have lighting and streets will be lit so crimes fall
installing water pipes and a sanitation system - reduces risk of diseases such as cholera
introducing a pacifying police unit (UPP) - helps reduce crime and makes people feel safer
providing 100% mortgages and access to credit - people can upgrade their homes so they are built well
installing a 3.5km cable car from a favela in the north of rio - the complexo do alemao to the commercial centre of ipanema and provding a free ticket each day - resisdents wi save hours of walking time and can travel safely and affordaby
co-operative setup eg dressmakers, construction workers -
issues
literacy rate and skills training still needs to be addressed as the jobs in the city are higher skilled
$1 billion has been spent but there are over 600 favelas in Rio, the scale of the problem is very big and rural urban migration is rapid
the newly built infrastructure isn't being well maintained
rents for houses have started to rise in the improved favela so some of the poorer people are now worse off
litracy rates need to be improved before training opporunities can be really succsessful
not all residents have the skills to make repairs and upgrade their homes.