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Part 3: Social Organization - Coggle Diagram
Part 3: Social Organization
Family Dynamic
Westerners
Having the classic nuclear family:
Husband, wife & children being separated from the extended family (small circle for a true family)
however nowadays, the family is no longer being exactly as the social expectations
the family dynamic varies significantly between races & ethnicities
the dynamic changes:
divorce
remarriage
cohabitation of couples
birth before marriage
the stats:
1 in 6 American children under 18 y/o lived with half siblings in 2014
23% lived in a single-parent household
Black family are more likely to raise children as a single parent compared to Asian American, Caucassian & Hispanic American
The true dynamic:
driven by the individualism culture (to be self-reliant & personally responsible for their choices
most elderly people chose to live alone
there is a general expectations of children leaving home wihin a few years of finishing highschool/ college
however, it may subject to change following tough economic periods
it is very common for American parents and schools to emphasize on child's independence & support their pursuit of personal aspiration
the stats:
roughly 20% of people between the age of 18 to 34 y/o lived with their parents in 2018
the elders rather be self-reliant than burdening the young generations by living with them
Relationships & Dating Culture
anglophone countries
Gender roles:
traditionally, man is the breadwinner & women is the housemaker and the primary caretaker
however, since the mid 20th century, female gender roles have significantly changes
even so, women still earn less than men
Native American & Hispanic American is the most least likely group to hold a bachelor degree
black women are more likely to be in the labour force
most support female participation in the labour force & political office
the share of female household breadwinner & women-owned business consistently growing
attaining higher level of education, exceeding male average in many cases
in 2012, it is more common for the wives to have more education than the husbands
Dating:
American dating practices are similar to those of other Anglophone cultures.
it is common to meet through social circles, workplaces or hobbies
usually happen in context that allows the couple to engage in enough conversation to get to know each other
it is common to date around/ get to know multiple people at once without having exclusive relationship with any of them
example:
they talks over coffe/ went out on a dinner date while talking about their interests and love life
if feeling develops, they will often pursue that one person until he/she agrees to be in a committed relationship or they are not interested
Dating app is becoming more popular amongst the people:
younger people with free dating app for casual dating
middle-aged/ golden age people prefer websites that require paid membership to look for a serious/ long term partners
Marriage:
they regards married couples as the willingness to commit for their love ones, rather than an economic/ social union/ family arrangement
it has become less essential of American families
more Americans are marrying later in life, living with an unmarried partner and having children whilst still unmarried
most young American adults now cohabit with their partner instead of moving in after marriage
LGBTQ+ couples are happy with the idea of marriage
marriage is still regarded as meaningful & highly values.
divorce are also steadily declining
LGBTQ+ couples are marrying at a higher rate since the legislation of same-sex marriage in 2015
fewe cohabitations transitions to marriage, but instead it either continues with the current lifestyle/ breaking up and end up co-parenting the child, but no longer living together
percentage of all births to unmarried woman was 39.6% in 2018
according to U.S. Census bureau, the median age of first marriage in 2019 to be 29.8 for men and 28 for women
there is an increase of more than 5 years of age since 1980 average
divorce fallen from 4.0 divorces per 1000 people in 2000 to 2.9 in 2018
relationship & dating culture
asian countries
Gender roles (Malaysia):
woman's traditional role involves domestic duties of a household and caring for children
Dating:
Dating and romantic relationships in China are regarded differently, as adolescent & young adults may have more progressive belief as compared to their parents.
parents tend to oppose adolescent dating
behaviour within dating appear to be changing rapidly over time
college students that are often away from their parents' eyes may present for dating and sexual activities
Behaviours like holding hands and kissing in public has been taboo a few decades ago, but has been increasingly become a common place
studies reported that 86% of respondents approve of premarital sex
while other studies noted that vast majority of men want their brides to be virgin at the time of marriage
1/3 of college students in China has become sexually active while enrolling in school
Marriage:
traditionnally, filial piety & the continuation of family lineage are of tremendous importance
marriage is absolutely necessary and particularly for man.
regarding marriage as a bonding of families rather tham invidiuals
arrange marriages are common
polygamy was one common place in Asia
marriage is changing fast
marriage rates are falling
falling because:
people are postponing getting hitched
marriage age risen all over the world
poeple are now marrying later than they do in the West
mean age of marriage in richest places (Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong) has risen sharply in the past few decades (29-30 for women, 31-33 for men)
not marrying at all:
1/3 women in their early 30s are unmarried
half of those will stay unmarried
1/5 Taiwanese women are single in their late 30s, mostly will not get married
Bangkok: 20% of 40-44 y/o women are not married
Japan: 21% among graduates of 40-44 y/o
Singapore: 27%
Arab sheikh and eaterns potentates often sired 500 children or more
Types of traditional marriages:
Confucian teaching believe that woman is supposed to only get married once in her lifetime
minor marriage, girls were betrothed at a young age and brought up as a "daughter" in her future husband's family
major marriages between young man and woman, involving the payment of a bride-price and a dowry paid by both the groom and bride's family
uxorilocal marriage, man is transfereed to a young woman's household
delayed-transfer, woman remained in her family after marriage untill her first child is born
Easterners
moving out dishonours the tradition and ritual
at 18, it is very likely to be living with parents
will only move out if one is getting married, or moving for work/ dintant universities
social judgement about being a bad parent/ fail at parenting when the children moves out early
if unmarried children, especially women flee the nest of their own accord, it come as a shock or even disappointment.
Asian parents tend to want to hold on to their children as long as possible
Malia, a fashion designer in london, 27 y/o met resistance from her family when she wanted to move to the capital for university
the father being tough on her and didnt want her to leave as he was worried of what would people say/ think of them
Collective culture with strong family value:
tends to be highly group-oriented people who place a strong emphasis on family connection as major identity and protection against life hardships
independent behaviour may disrupt family harmony
one must never bring dishonour/ disgrace to the family
self-control is expected to be demonstrated either for inner stamine or strength or regarding crisis
Family model:
is an extended one, including immediate family & relatives
loyalty to the family is expected
Parents made the law
the children are expected to abide by their requests, demands and laws
filial piety/ respect of parents and elders is critically important
most traditional rules:
only speak when spoken to
speak only if one has something important to say
become unwilling to acknowledge strong emtion, grief, pain
children are to devote their lives, without question to their parents and elderly (take care of them)