Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Giselle Rojas Period 3 Cardiovascular System - Coggle Diagram
Giselle Rojas Period 3 Cardiovascular System
MAJOR COMPONENTS/FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD
COMPONENT: platelets: 4.8%
COMPONENT: red blood cells: 95%
COMPONENT: white blood cells: 0.1%
Basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes
COMPONENT: plasma: 55%
electroyctes, water, proteins, wastes, nutrients with viatmins hormones, bases (N2, O2,CO2)
FUNCTIONS:
Blood transports substances throughout the body, helps to maintain homeostasis and distributes heat
Blood transports nutrients and oxygen to the body cells, and removes metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BLOOD VESSEL TYPES (arteries, veins, and capillaries)
arteries: are strong, elastic vessels adapted for carrying high-pressure blood
wall of an artery consists of 3 layers:
tunica interna: innermost endothelial layer composed of simple squamous epithelium creates a smooth surface to prevent clots;secretes biochemicals to prevent platelet aggregation, secretes substances to regulate blood flow
tunica media: thick middle layer, composed of smooth muscle
tunica externa: outermost connective tissue layer; relatively thin, attaches the artery to surrounding tissues
capillaries: are blood vessels with the smallest diameter
they connect small arterioles to small venules
a constant exchange of respiratory gases, nutrients and metabolic wastes occurs between capillaries and tissue fluid near the body cells
vein: thinner wall than an artery but with similar layers; the vein middle layer is much thinner; some veins have flaplike values
transports blood under relatively low pressure from a venule to the heart; values prevent backflow of blood; serves as a blood reservoir
ABO, RH blood type
Type A blood: has A antigens on RBC membranes and anti -B antibodies in plasma
Type B blood: has B antigens on RBCs membranes and anti -A antibodies in plasma
Type AB blood: has both A and B antigens on RBC membranes, but neither type of antibodies in plasma
Type O blood: has neither antigen on RBC membranes, but both types of antibodies in plasma
blood type A + antigen A = anti -B
blood type B + antigen B = anti -A
blood type AB + antigen A and B = neither anti -A nor anti -B
blood type O + antigen A or B = both anti -A and anti -B
if the Rh factor (antigen D) is present on a persons red blood cells, the blood is Rh positive; is absent, the blood is Rh negative
LAYERS OF HEART
Pericardium consists of 2 portions
Fibrous pericardium: the outer, tough, connective tissue
Serous pericardium: inner, more delicate, doubled-layered
Parietal Pericardium: the outer layer of the serous membrane, which lines inner surface of fibers pericardium
Visceral Pericardium (epicardium): the inner layer of serous membranes that covers the heart
Myocardium: the middle layer, consists of cardiac muscle, and is the thickest layer of the heart wall; pumps blood out of heart chambers
Endocardium: the inner layer; made up of connective tissu and epithelium, continuous with the endothelium of major vessels joining the heart; contains the Purkinje fibers
CARDIAC CYCLE & ECG
electrocardium (ECG): a recording of the electrical changes that occur during the cardiac cycle
p-wave: the first wave, which corresponds to the depolarization of the atria; this lead to the contraction of the atria
QRS complex: corresponds to the depolarization of ventricles, which leads to contraction of the ventricles; the repolarization of the atria occurs during the QRS complex, but is hidden behind the larger ventricular event
t wave: corresponds to ventricular repolarization, and leads to ventricular repolarization
MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Circulates oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
provides cells with nutrients
protects the body against disease and infection
clotting stops bleeding after injury
VITAL SIGNS (BP & PULSE)
force blood exerts against the inner walls of blood vessels
blood pressure: refers to systemic arterial pressure
systolic pressure: maximum arterial pressure reached during ventricular contraction (systole)
diastolic pressure: minimum arterial pressure reached during ventricular relaxation (diastole), just before the next contraction
factors that influence blood pressure
blood volume increases
heart rate increases
stroke volume increases
blood viscosity increases
peripheral resistance increases
ANATOMY OF HEART
The heart contains 4 chambers: 2 upper chambers called atria, and 2 lower chambers called ventricles
interventricular septum: separates the left and right ventricle
atrioventricular (AV) valve: ensures one-way flow of blood from atria to ventricle
superior and inferior vena cava: bring blood back from systemic circuit to the right atrium
coronary sinus: drains blood from the myocardium (coronary circulation) into right atrium
HEART VALVES
tricuspid valve: opening between right atrium and right ventricle, prevents blood from moving from the right ventricle intro right atrium during ventricular contraction
pulmonary valve: entrance to pulmonary trunk, prevents blood from moving from the pulmonary trunk into right ventricle during ventricular relaxation
bicuspid (mitral) valve: opening between left atrium and left ventricle, prevents blood from moving from the left atrium during ventrical contraction
aortic valve: entrance to aorta, prevents blood from moving from moving from the aorta into the left ventricle during ventricular relaxation
BLOOD FLOW THROUGH HEART AND BODY
1.) superior and inferior vena cava
2.) right atrium
3.) tricuspid valve
4.) right ventricle
5.) pulmonary valve
6.) pulmonary semilunar valve
7.) lungs
8.) pulmonary veins
9.) left atrium
10.) bicuspid valve
11.) left ventricle
12.) aortic valve
13.) aorta