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Basic Physiology pt 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Potassium channel for EFFLUX of k
- - - - Polar head that is positive charge and hydrophilic
      - Nonpolar tail that is negative and nonpolar
      - Cholesterol is found between phospho and sphingolipids and it is stabilizing and stiffens membrane
      - Made of phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol
- - - - Symport/ cotransport
        
        Same direction
        
        Na and Glucose, Na goes towards gradient with glucose against gradient
      - Antiport/ exchangers
        
        Opposite direction
        
        3 Na and Ca, Na going towards gradient in cell, ca against gradient outside of cell
    - - Uses ATP directly, pumps 3 Na out cell and 2K into cell
  - - - Small particle size
      - Large surface area
      - Large surface area
      - Lipid soluble
      - High temp
    - - Water goes from a high concentration to low concentration
      - Water likes to follow salt
      - Tonicity
        
        Osmotic pressure of a solution, based on loss or gain of water of a cell with nonpenetrating solutes
        
        Isotonic
        
        No change, even solutes outside
        
        Hypertonic
        
        Cell shrinks, a lot of solutes on outside, water flows outside shrinking cell
        
        Hypotonic
        
        Cell swells, low solutes outside
    - - Likes to go down electrical gradient
        
        K wants to go outside of cell naturally (concentration= 4 outside), Na wants to go inside of cell naturally
    - - CO2 and O2 go through cell no problem
    - - Uses pores, ion channels, and carrier proteins
      - Ions have difficulty going through cell membrane so they need a pore