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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - Coggle Diagram
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Definition
Presence of obsession and/or compulsions. Obsessive are recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges or images
Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-5)
A: Presence of obsession, compulsion, or both
B: Obsession or compulsion are time- consuming or cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning
C: The OCD symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition
D: The disturbance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder
Classification
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Characterized by preoccupation with one or more perceived defects
Repetitive behavior
Trichotillomania (Hair Pulling Disoredr)
Recurrent pulling out of one's hair
Obsessive- Compulsive and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Due to another medical condition
Hoarding Disorder
Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions
Excoriation (Skin- Picking Disorder
Recurrent picking of oe's skin
May be preceded or accompanied by various emotional states
Other Specified/Unspecified Obsesseive- Compulsive and Related Disorder
Substance/ Medication- Induced Obsessive Compulsive and Realted
Consists of symptoms that are due to substance intoxication or withdrawal or to a medication
Etiology
Temperamental
Greater internalizing symptoms, higher negative emotionality and behavioral inhibition in childhood are possible temperamental risk factors
Environmental
Physical and sexual abuse in childhood and other stressful or traumatic events have been associated with an increased risk for developing OCD
Genetics and Physiological
The rate of OCD among first-degree relatives of adults with OCD is approximately two times that among first-degree relatives of those without the disorder
Sign and Symptoms
Fear of being contaminated by touching objects others have touched
Doubts that you've locked the door or turned off the stove
Intense stress when objects aren't orderly or facing a certain way
Images of driving your car into a crowd of people
Thoughts about shouting obscenities or acting inappropriately in public
Avoidance of situations that can trigger obsessions, such as shaking hands
Diagnostic Feature
A: Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both
Obsessions
Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or impulses that are experienced
The individual attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, urges or images or to neutralize
Compulsions
Repetitive behaviors
The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress
B
The obsessions or compulsions are time- consuming
C
Not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance
D
The disturbance not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder
Medical Management
Antidpressants (SSRI's)
Increasing the amount of a chemical messenger
Antidepressants can usually produce a 40-60% reduction in symptoms of OCD
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Identifying and challenging maladaptive thoughts
60-80% reduction in symptoms of OCD
Pathophysiology
OCD brain detects an error where there isn't one, and sends worry signals
OCD brain Adds emotions like disgust, guilt to anxious thoughts
OCD brain causes reflexive or repetitive behaviors