Periodic table

Alkali metals

properties

Soft

Conduct heat and electricity

Shiny when freshly cut with a knife

Low Melting points

Low densities

(C.P) produce colored flames and react with O2 to form white solids

(C.P) React with water producing alkalis solution/Metal hydroxide + H2

(C.P) React with Halides to form metal halides

Observations with water:

Rapid effervescences

Metal melts into a ball and disappears

metal floats up and move around

lilac flames

Halogens

Exists as Diatomic molecules.

Reacts with other non-Metals to form covalent compounds halides

Reacts with Hydrogen to form hydrogen halides

Reacts with metals to form metal halides

Trend

M.P and B.p increases as we go up the group

Color gets darker as we go down the group

Densities increases as we go down the group

Reactivity decreases as we go down the group

the Size of particles increases / Atomic radius increases

The distance from nuclei and outermost shell increases

The F.A that attracts incoming Electron from the nucleus are weaken as result of increase in distance

The electrons in the outermost shell repels the incoming electron

Transition elements

C.p

Physical P

Colored compounds

Can conduct catalytic activity

have varying/more than one oxidation state

Can form complex ions

High M.p

Conduct electricity and heat

High density

Hard