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Kaylen Manriquez Period 5 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - base leans toward right shoulder, apex points toward left hip
  - - - biscusid/mitral valve: 2 cusps between left atrium and left ventricle
      - tricuspid valve: 3 cusps between right atrium and right ventricle
    - - pulmonary semilunar valve: between right ventricle
      - aortic semilunar valve: between left ventricle and aorta
      - function
        
        blood returns to heart
        
        ventricles fill
        
        atria contract
        
        ventricles contract valve cusps
        
        valves close
        
        papillary muscles contract
  - - - coronary arteries: left and right ventricle arise from base of aorta and supply arterial blood to heart
    - - cardiac veins collect blood from capillary beds
        
        middle: posterior
        
        small: inferior
        
        great cardiac:anterior
- - - - t wave: ventricular repolorization
      - p-r interval: beginning of atrial excitation to beginning of ventricular excitation
      - qrs complex: ventricular depolorization and atrial repolorization
      - s-t: entire ventricular myocardium depolorized
      - p wave: depolarization of SA node and atria
      - q-t:beginning of ventricular depolarization through ventricular repolarization
      - t: ventricular repolorization
        
        r: ventricular depolrization
        
        p: atrial depolorization
- - - - causes: clogged arteries, diabetes
        
        severe headaches, memory loss, confusion
        
        treatment: physical therapy, blood thinners
  - - - causes: infection, allergic reaction, recent surgery
        
        symptoms: chest pain, fatigue, fever
        
        antibiotics, medication
  - - - causes: blood clots, plaque in coronary arteries, obesity
        
        symptoms: chest pain, dizziness, sweating
        
        treatment: heart surgery
- - - - tunica media: middle layer composed of smooth muscle and elastic
      - tunica externa: outermost layer of wall
      - tunica intima: intimate contact with blood
  - - - capillaries found in serous membranes
        
        vascular shunt: chemical that connects arteriole with venule
        
        precapillary: systemaic: acts as valvue regulating blood flow into capillary bed
    - - capillary bed
  - - - venous sinuses: flattened veins with thin walls
- - - - overproduction of white blood cells: leaukemias and infection
      - low white blood cell count: luekopenia, drug induced
        leaukopoises: production of white blood cells
      - platelets: fragments of larger megankarocyte
        functions: form temporary platelet plug that helps seal breaks in blood vessels
        thrombopoietin: platelet formation
      - hemostasis
        
        step 2: platelet plug formation: injury to endothelium lining vessel exposes underlying collagen fibers
        
        step 3:fibrin protein trap red blood cells
        
        vascular spasm: smooth muscle contracts, vasoconstriction
      - blood transfusion
        
        stepping up production of red blood cells
        
        reducing volume at affected blood vessels
- - - - serous pericardium: parietal layer lining internal surface of fibrous pericardium
      - visceral layer: on external surface of heart