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Cardiovascular System
Ashley Vargas
Per.5 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System
Ashley Vargas
Per.5
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Major blood vessels
Arteries: Arteries divided into three groups, based on size and function
Elastic arteries: thick-walled with large, low-resistance lumen that acted as pressure reservoirs that expand and recoil as blood is ejected from heart
Muscular arteries: Elastic arteries give rise to muscular arteries aka distributing arteries because they deliver blood to body organs(Active in vasoconstriction)
Arterioles: smallest of all arteries that control flow into capillary beds via vasodilation and vasoconstriction of smooth muscle(Lead to capillary beds)
Veins: : carry blood toward the heart and formation begins when capillary beds unite in postcapillary venules and merge into larger and larger veins
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Venules: Capillaries unite to form postcapillary venules
and larger venules have one or two layers of smooth muscle cells. Also blood pressure lower than in arteries, so adaptations ensure return of blood to heart
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Anatomy of the heart
Chambers
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Atria: the receiving chambers(Small, thin-walled chambers; contribute little to propulsion of blood)
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Valves
Semilunar valves: located between ventricles and major arteries which prevent backflow from major arteries back into ventricles
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Atrioventricular valves: located between atria and ventricles which prevents backflow into atria when ventricles contract
Mitral valve (left AV valve, bicuspid valve): made up of two cusps and lies between left atria and ventricle
Chordae tendineae: anchor cusps of AV valves to papillary muscles that function to hold valve flaps in closed position and prevent flaps from everting back into atria
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ABO, Rh blood types
Based on presence or absence of two agglutinogens (A and B) on surface of RBCs
Blood may contain preformed anti-A or anti-B antibodies
B: RBC antigens= B, Plasma antigens= anti-A(a) , Blood received= B, O
A: RBC antigens= A, Plasma antigens= anti-B(b) , Blood received= A, O
AB: RBC antigens= A & B, Plasma antigens= none , Blood received= A, B, AB, O ( Universal recipient)
O: RBC antigens= none, Plasma antigens= anti-B(b) , Blood received= O ( Universal donor)
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