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Kayla Rodriguez P.3 Cardiovascular System - Coggle Diagram
Kayla Rodriguez P.3
Cardiovascular System
Major components and functions of blood
it transports substances throughout the body
helps maintain homeostasis
Distributes heat
transports nutrients and oxygen to body cell
removes metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide
Components
Red blood cells
carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of the body
shaped like biconcave discs
White blood cells
Helps fight infections and diseases
Types of white blood cells
Granulocytes
twice the size as a RBC and has cytoplasmic granules
has a short life span
Neurophil
Nucleus with 2 to 5 lobes and cytoplasmic stains light purple
Phagocytizes small particles
Eosinophil
Kills parasites and moderates allergic reactions
1 to 3% of WBC
stain red in acid stain
Basophil
releases hepamine and histamine
Monocytes
2 to 3 times larger than a red blood cell
Phagocytizes large particles
Lymphocyte
provides immunity
long lived
Aranulocyte
doesnt have a granular cytoplams so longer life span
Platelets
small fragments of RBC
Helps repair damaged blood vessels
Plasma
liquid part of blood and has mostly water
Transports nutrients and gases
regulates fluid
Anatomy of heart
Chambers
Right ventricle
Pumps oxygen- poor blood to the lungs
Left atrium
receives oxygen rich blood from lungs and pumps it into left ventricle
Right atrium
receives oxygen poor blood and
pumps it to the right ventricle
Left ventricle
pumps oxygen rich blood to the body
Valves
Aortic
controls the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta
Pulmonary
picks up oxygen to deliver to the body
Tricuspid
controls the flow of the blood to the right atrium
Bicuspid
allows blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta and prevents blood from flowing backward
Blood flow through the heart and body
Lungs
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary trunk/ artery
Left atrium
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Bicuspid valve
Right ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
Tricuspid valve
Aorta
Right atrium
Body
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Cerebrovascular Accident
Endocarditis & Myocarditis
Peripheral Artery Disease
Congenital Heart Disease
Myocardial Infraction (Heart attack)
ABO RH blood types
B
Has B antigens and anti-A antibodies
AB
Has A and B antigens and neither antibody
Universal recipient
A
Has A antigens and anti -B antibodies
O
Has neither A or B antigens but has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
Universal Donor
RH
When has the protein it is RH positive
When blood doesn't have a protein it is RH negative
Functions of cardiovascular system
Helps maintain body temperature
Protects from blood loss
protects the body against infections and diseases
Removes waste products of metabolism
Provides cells with nutrients
Supplies oxygen
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel
Veins
carries blood to the heart
Ateries
carries blood away from heart
Structure
veins has valves and arteries don't
Tunica intima first layer
tunica media: smooth muscle and elastic fibers
Tunica externa: outer layer and has collagen fibers
Layers of heart
Myocardium
middle layer, has cardiac muscle
Endocardium
inner layer, has connective tissue and epithelium
Epicardium
Outermost layer has epithelium
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
ECG
P Wave
depolarizations of the atrium and leads to the contraction of the atrium
QRS Complex
depolarization of the ventricles and leads to the contraction of the ventricles
repolarization of the atrium occurs to during QRS complex but hidden behind a large ventricular event
T wave
Ventricular repolarization and leads to ventricular relaxation
Cardiac Cycle
Steps
during early ventricular diastole pressure in the atria forces the AV valves to open then ventricles fill
contracts then remaining blood into ventricles
Ventricular diastole
pressure increase and then AV valves close and pulmonary and aortic valves open
Ventricular systole
Papillary muscles contract, pulling on chordae tendinae and preventing the back flow of blood through the AV valves
blood pushed out of ventricles, pressure drops, and ventricles relax
pressure is lower then blood pressure in aorta and pulmonary trunk semilunar valves close
ventricular pressure lower than atrial pressure, AV valves open and process repeats again
Vital signs
Pulse
average adult is 70 to 75 bmp
Tachycardia is fast pulse which is 100 bpm
Bradycardia is slow which is 60 bpm
Blood pressure
diastolic pressure
maximum arteriole pressure during ventricular relaxation
sphygomomanometer
used to measure arterial blood pressure
Sytolic pressure
maximum arteriole pressure during ventricular contraction
Influencers of Arterial blood pressure
Blood volume
Sum of volume of the plasma formed by elements
Cardiac output
directly affects blood pressure and = stroke volume times heart rate
Peripheral resistance
friction between blood and the wall of blood vessels
Viscosity
resistance of blood tissues against flow
purkinje fibers
bundle of branches and spreads impulses to ventricle walls
sphygomanometer
used to measure arterial blood pressure
viscosity
increase in blood flow when there is resistance
peripheral resistance
friction between blood and vessels
cardiac output
directkly affects blood pressure
70mL/beat
vasodilation
decreases PR and RD