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Respiratory System Jazmine Rosales Period 3 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System Jazmine Rosales Period 3
Major functions of the respiratory system
Ventilation and breathing; in and out of lungs
External respiration; gas exchange between lungs and blood
Gas transport; between lungs and body cells
oxygen; for cells to break down nutrients and release energy
Carbon dioxide; nutrient breakdown that´s excreted from the body
internal and cellular respiration; gas exchange and production of Co2
Mucous Membrane; bronchial tree filter (humidify incoming air)
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Upper respiratory includes; Nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx
Paranasal sinuses; air filled in maxillaryfrontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones
Lined with the mucous membrane
Reduce the weight of the skull
Pharynx (throat): the space behind oral and nasal cavities
3 sub divisions of pharynx; nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Lower respiratory structures and functions
includes the ; Larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs
Larynx: Transports air in and out of the trachea
Houses vocal cords and contains 2 pairs of vocal folds
includes framework of muscles and cartilage bound by elastic tissue
Glottis: true vocal cords and opening between those
¨flaplike¨ epiglottis covers the opening of the glottis
only when swallowing the epiglottis closes off the glottis to prevent food from going to the larynx
Trachea (windpipe):Inner wall is lined with ciliated mucous membrane and goblet cells
Layers of the pleurae
Right lung has 3 lobes (superior, middle, and inferior)/ left side has 2 lobes (superior and inferior)
Visceral pleura which is the inner layer (attaches to the surface of each lung)
Parietal pleura is the outer layer which lines the thoracic cavity
Serous fluid lubricates the pleural cavity between both layers
Right lung is larger than the left lung
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Inspiration occurs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract
Expiration occurs when the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles settle down
inspiration = inhalation
expiration = exhalation
Atmospheric pressure: a force that moves air into the lungs
normal inspiration ; Muscles that expand the thoracic cavity and Maximal inspiration is also known as a deep breath
The cause of expiration starts with the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relaxing for the lungs to pull back decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity
For forced expiration it allows for expiration and more air than normally and is aided by internal intercostal muscles and abdominal wall muscles
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Spirometry: multiple air volumes that move in and out of the lungs because of different degrees
respiratory cycle= inhalation continued by exhalation
Anatomic dead space is the volume of air remaining in the bronchial tree
Increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity causes a decrease in thoracic pressure
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Tidal volume; (500mL) volume of air moved in and out of lungs
Inspiratory reserve volume (3,000 mL) Maximal volume of air inhaled at the end of resting inspiration
Expiratory reserve volume (1,100 mL) ; Maximal volume of air exhaled at the end of resting expiration
Residual volume(1,200 mL); Volume of air still in the lungs after a maximal expiration
Vital capacity= TV + IRV + ERV
Inspiratory capacity=V + IRV
Functional residual capacity =RV + RV
Total lung capacity = VC + RV
Internal vs. external respiration
Ventilation; movement of air from outside in and back out the lungs/body
internal respiration when oxygen breaks down into c02 and water in order to create energy into ATP
external respiration is basic breathing by bringing air into the lungs and releasing air after and repeat
Disorders of the respiratory system
COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder) Can be caused by asthmatic bronchitis, tobacco smoke, dust exposure and more air exposure related things
Tuberculosis- a bacterial infection in respiratory system caused by myobacterium
Pneumonia is a bacterial or viral infection in the lungs
Seasonal Flu is a viral infection with many variations of changes through time usually severeness depends on age
Lung cancer is a controlled cell growth and developed tumor in the lungs ( 90% of cases come from smoking)