Cardiovascular System
Alissa Tagle
Period 3
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
Blood flow through the heart and body
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
Layers of the heart
ABO, Rh blood types
Major blood vessels (names arteries and veins)
Major components and functions of Blood
Anatomy of the heart (including all chambers, and valves)
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types (arteries, veins,
capillaries)
Vital signs (BP and Pulse)
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Formed elements 45%
55% plasma( liquid matrix)
Function: blood transports nutrients and oxygen to body cells, removes metabolic waste & carbon dioxide
red blood cells(respiratory gas transport); called erythrocytes. RBC contain 1/3 hemoglobin
platelets(stops bleeding)
less than 1% : white blood cells (fight infections)
ABO blood types
Type B: B antigens and anti-B antibodies
Type AB: both A & B antigens but neither of antibodies
Type A: A antigens and anti-B anitbodies
Type O: neither of antigen but both types of anti bodies
RH Blood types
negative - : Rh factor(antigen D) is absent
positive + : Rh factor(antigen D) is present
Myocardium
Endocardium
Epicardium (Visceral pericardium)
outermost layer; serous membrane make up CT and epithelium; it decreases friction
middle layer; consists of cardiac muscle, thickest layer of heart wall; it pumps blood out of heart chambers
inner layer; made up of CT and epithelium; continuous with endothelium
5)Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
6)Pulmonary arteries
4)Right Ventricle
7)Lungs
3)Tricuspid Valve
8)Pulmonary vein
2)Right Atrium
9)Left atrium
1)Superior Vena Cava
10)Bicuspid valve
Capillaries
Veins
Arteries
12)Aortic semilunar valve
11)Left venteicle
13)Aorta
14)Systemic arteries
15)Systemic veins
16)Inferior vena cava
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
Endocarditis & Myocarditis
Peripheal Artery Disease
Congenital Heart Disease
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
Blood flow to part of the heart is blocked
Arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to extermities
Blood flow to a portion of the brain is interrupted
Inflammation of the heart
Issue with heart structure and/or function present from birth
superior vena cava
Brachiocephalic trunk
ascending aorta
Left common carotid artery
right pulmonary artery
Left subclavian artery
pulmonary trunk
Aorta
Right pulmonary veins
Left pulmonary artery
Bicuspid Valve
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Tricuspid Valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Aortic semilunar valve
Right atrium
Inferior vena cava
Chordae tendonae
helps maintain homeostasis
distributes heat to body
removes metabolic waste and carbon dioxide from body
respiratory gas exchange
transport blood to tissues (oxygen)
blood; clots blood fights infection
Transport blood away from heart
Transport blood to heart
Runs between veins and arteries
carries oxygen high blood
Structure
Tunica interna: innermost endothelial layer(single squamous), has a smooth layer to prevent clots; secretes biochemicals to prevent aggregation
Tunica media: thick middle layer, composed of smooth muscle tissue
Tunica externa: outermost connective tissue layer; relatively thin,; attactches artery to surrounding tissue
Carries oxygen low blood
Stucture
-Same three layers as arteries
-Muscle layer is thinner
-Also has a valve
blood vessle with smalled diameter
structure
only one layer of endothelium, through which substances are exchanged with tissue cells (diffusion)
Blood Pressure: the Cardiac Output x Peripheral Resistances and Viscosity
Pulse: alternating expansion and recoil of wall of artery as ventricles contract/ relax;
-number of beats per minute
Cardiac output: heart rate x stroke volume(amount of blood discharged from each ventricle)
Peripheral Resistances and Viscosity:
Resistance- friction between blood & walls of blood vessels
Viscosity- difficulty with which molecules in a fluid flow past each other
Systolic pressure: max arterial pressure reached during ventricular contraction
Diastolic pressure: min arterial pressure reached during ventricular relation
Cardiac Cycle:
ECG
1) atria contracts while ventricles relax
2) ventricles contract while atria relaxes
3)entire heart relaxes for a brief moment
Cardiac conduction System
Path o cardiac impulse:
1) SA Node
2) Atrial Syncytium
3) Junctional Fibers
4) AV Node
5) AV Bundle
6) Bundle Branches
7) Purkinje Fibers
8) Ventricular System
Electrocardiogram: a recording of the electric changes that occur during cardiac cycle
P Wave: first wave, corresponds to depolarization of atria; contraction of atria
QRS Complex: Corresponds to depolarization of ventricles; leads to contraction of ventricles
T Wave: Corresponds to ventricular repolarization & leads to ventricular contraction
Radial vein
Ulnar veins
Basilic Vein
Brachial veins
Cephalic vein
Axillary vein
Internal jugular vein
Subclavioan vein
Superior vena cava
Braciocephalic vein
external jugular vein
femoral vein
great saphenous vein
external iliac vein
internal iliac vein
common iliac vein
inferior vena cava
fibular artey
abdominal aorta
anterior tibial artery
thoracic aorta
femoral artery
aortic arch
common iliac arter
Ascending aorta
ulnar artery
radial artery
brachial artery
axillary artery
subclavian artery
common carotid artery
brachiocephalic trunk