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Evie Ramos Per 2 Cardiovascular System - Coggle Diagram
Evie Ramos
Per 2
Cardiovascular System
Major blood vessels (names arteries and veins)
Vena Cava
Aorta
Pulmonary trunk (Artery)
Pulmonary veins
ABO, Rh blood types
Type A = A antigens On RBC membranes + anti B antibodies in plasma
Type B = B antigens on RBC membranes + anti A antibodies in plasma
Type AB = Both A/B antigens on RBC membranes + no type of antibodies in plasma + universal recipient
Type O = No antigens on RBC + both type of antibodies in plasma
Rh = Rh antigens
If Rh factor is present person’s red blood cells =
blood is Rh positive
if absent = blood is Rh negative
if person with Rh-negative blood contacts with Rh-
positive blood = anti-Rh antibodies will be created
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
Cardiovascular system: a closed circuit that consists of the heart
and blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins)
Its function is to supply oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing wastes from them
Arteries transport blood away from heart
Veins transport blood towards the heart
sends oxygen-rich blood to all body cells,
where it drops of oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide
Anatomy of the heart
Four chambers
Top two are right and left atrium
Right atrium has the tricuspid valve that leads into the right ventricle which then goes through the pulmonary semilunar and through the pulmonary artery
Bottom two are right and left ventricles
Left atrium goes through the bicuspid valve into Left ventricle goes through the arotic semilunar and through the aorta
Right side pumps blood to the lungs and left side pumps blood to the whole body
Layers of the heart
Pericardium is a membranous sac that encloses the heart
inner more delicate double-layered serous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium
Pericardial cavity
outer, tough, connective tissue fibrous pericardium
Walls of the heart
Epicardium = the outermost layer
decreases friction in the heart and made of connective tissue and
epithelium
Myocardium = the middle layer
pumps blood out of heart
chambers and made of cardiac muscle
Endocardium = the inner layer
Endothelium of major vessels
joining the heart and made of connective tissue and
epithelium
Blood flow through the heart and body
Poor O2 travels through superior/inferior vena cava
Right Atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Pulmonary trunk
Lungs
Rich O2 comes out of lungs
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Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types
Arteries
Transports blood from heart to lungs
Thick, strong wall with three layers
Arterioles
Connects an artery to a capillary, helps control blood flow into a capillary
Thinner wall than an artery with three
layers
Capillaries
connects an arteriole to a venule, allows nutrients, gases, and wastes to be exchanged
Single layer of squamous epithelium
Venules
Connects a capillary to a vein
Thinner wall than in an arteriole, less smooth muscle, elastic CT
Veins
Transport blood into heart, valves preventbackflow of blood; serves as a blood reservoir
Thinner wall than an artery but with similar
layers
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
Electrocardiogram (ECG): a recording of the electrical changes that occur
during a cardiac cycle
Cardiac conduction system: specialized cardiac muscle tissue conducts
impulses throughout the myocardium
SA node
Atrial syncytium
Junctional functions
AV node
AV Bundle
Bundle Branches
Purikinje fibers
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Major components and functions of Blood
Blood transports substances throughout the body, helps to maintain homeostasis and distributes heat
Blood transports nutrients and oxygen to the body cells, and removes metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide
Contains red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma
Red Blood cells; Biconcave disk travel through blood vessels, puts oxygen close to the hemoglobin
White blood cells; fight off infection
Platelets: help repair damaged blood vessels by ataching to their broken edges
Plasma; transport nutrients and gases, regulate fluid
and electrolyte balance, and maintain an optimal pH
Vital signs (BP and Pulse)
blood pressure = systemic arterial
pressure
Force blood exerts against the inner walls of blood vessels
Pulse = pressure in arteries as the heart is pushing blood out
BP decreases with distance from heart = BP is greatest in arteries
emotional upset, exercise, rise in temperature can increase cardiac output and increased BP
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
Blood flow to part of the heart is blocked
Chest pain, dizziness, sweating
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to extremities
Atherosclerosis, limb trauma, smoking
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
Blood flow to a portion of the brain is interrupted
Blood clot in arterery to the brain, aneurys, diabetes
Endocarditis/Myocarditis
Inflammation of the heart
Heart valve Damage, Rheumatoid arthritis, virus, bacterial, fungal, infection
Congenital Heart Disease
Issue with heart structure and/or function present from birth
Hereditary: Tricuspid atresia, Aortic Stenosis, Pulmonary stenosis