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Benjamin Wang Period 2 Cardiovascular Concept Map - Coggle Diagram
Benjamin Wang
Period 2
Cardiovascular Concept Map
Layers of the heart
Wall of heart
Myocardium: middle most thick layer, consists of cardiac muscle, pumps blood out of heart chambers
Endocardium: innermost layer, made up of CT and epithelium, continuous with the endothelium of major vessels
joining the heart, contains the Purkinje fibers
Epicardium (visceral pericardium): outermost layer, serous membrane that is made up of CT and epithelium (decreases friction in heart)
Pericardium
Fibrous pericardium: outer, tough, CT
Serous pericardium: inner, more delicate
Visceral pericardium (epicardium): inner layer of the serous
membrane, covers the heart
Pericardial cavity: space between the visceral and parietal layers,
contains serous fluid to reduce friction between the layers
Parietal pericardium: outer layer of the serous membrane, lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
Vital for supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing wastes from them
Pulmonary circuit: carries oxygen poor blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and drop off carbon dioxide
Systemic circuit: sends oxygenated blood to all body cells, picks up oxygen and drop off carbon dioxide
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types
Veins
Same layers as arteries, but are thinner and has flaps.
Carries blood into the heart
Capillaries
Blood vessels with the smallest diameter
Only one layer (endothelium)
Exchanges respiratory gases, nutrients, and metabolic wastes occurs between capillaries and tissue fluid near the body cells, via mostly diffusion
Arteries: strong, elastic vessels adapted for carrying high-pressure blood
Tunica interna: Outermost CT layer, thin
Tunica media: Thick mid layer, smooth muscle
Tunica externa: Innermost endothelial layer composed of simple squamous epithelium, creates a smooth surface to prevent clots, secretes biochemicals (prevents platelet aggregation), regulates blood flow
Carries blood away from the heart
Blood flow through the heart and body
Deoxygenated blood from the body goes into the heart from the superior/ inferior vena cava into the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. From the right ventricle it goes through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery which goes into the lungs to get oxygenated. Once oxidized, it goes back into the heart from the pulmonary vein into the left atrium, through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle. From the left ventricle it goes out from the aortic semilunar valve out the aorta and the blood is then distributed throughout the body and the cycle starts again.
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
QRS Complex: depolarization of ventricles (leads to contraction of the ventricles; the repolarization of the atria
occurs during the QRS complex)
T Wave: ventricular repolarization (leads to
ventricular relaxation)
P Wave: first wave (depolarization of
the atria; contraction of atria)
Cardiac Cycle
Contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles to pump blood throughout the body
Anatomy of the Heart
Chambers
Atriums (receives the blood)
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Ventricles (pumps blood out)
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Valves: prevents backflow in the heart
Mitral (bicuspid) valve: between left atrium and left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve: entrance to aorta
Pulmonary semilunar valve: entrance to pulmonary trunk
Tricuspid valve: between right atrium
and right ventricle
Trunks (pumps blood throughout the body)
Pulmonary trunk
Brachiocephalic trunk
Aorta
ABO, Rh blood types
ABO
Type AB blood: A and B antigens, has neither types of antibodies (universal recipient)
Type B blood: B antigens and anti A antibodies
Type A blood: A antigens and anti B antibodies
Type O blood: has neither antigens, has both types of antibodies (universal donor)
Rh
Rh positive (antigen D is present)
Rh negative (antigen D is absent)
Major components and functions of blood
Components and Functions
White Blood Cells (WBC): fights infections
Platelets: stops bleeding (homeostasis)
Red Blood Cells (RBC): transports gases
Plasma: liquid matrix
Major blood vessels
Pulmonary Trunk: takes blood into the lungs to oxygenate them
Superior/ Inferior Vena Cava: carries deoxygenated blood into heart (right atrium)
Aorta: Carries blood to the rest of the blood
Pulmonary Veins: takes oxygenated into the heart (left atrium)
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
Blood flow to a portion of the brain is interrupted
Endocarditis and Myocarditis
Inflammation in the heart
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to extremities
Congenital Heart Disease
Issues with heart structure and function present from birth
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
Blood flow to part of the heart is blocked
Vital signs
Blood Pressure
Systemic arterial pressure
Normal/ healthy 120/80
(Heart) Pulse Rate
Beats per minute (BPM)
Normal/ healthy 60-100 BPM