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Cardiovascular Concept Map - Jocelyn Villa P.1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Helps maintain hemeostasis and distribute heat by circulating through entire body.
        
        Transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells while also removing carbon dioxide
        
        Red blood cells: for resp gas transport
        white blood cells: for fighting infection
        
        Blood is a mixture of water, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, hormones. Percentage of formed elements in blood is usually 45%- mainly red blood cells percentage called hematocrit aka HCT.
        
        White cells and platelets = 1% of blood volume.
        Plasma = 55% of blood volumes.
        avg blood volume in adult = 5 liters.
        
        RBC’s contain 1/3 hempgoblin. Trans oxygen and some carbon dioxide through blood
        
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- - - - If antigen d/rh favor is present on persons rbc’s the blood’s rh positive if absent blood=rh neg
        
        No corresponding antibodies in plasma unless person with rh - blood has contact with rh +, person developes anti - rh antibodies
        
        If rh - woman carries rh+ baby she may be exposed to rh+ blood: transfusion or pregnancy.
        Mother makes anti rh antibodies that can attack blood of future rh+ baby, this is called erythrobastosis fetalis or hemolytic disease of fetus/newborn
        
        Can be prevented giving mother drug rhoGAM, type of rh antibody that binds to shield fetus’ rbcs from mothers immune dyed. Can be given at 28wks of preg, prevents mother from producing anti rh antibodies
- - - - Arteries transport blood away from heart, veins trans it towards the heart, and capillaries are vessels that run between arteries and veins.
        
        Oxygen poor blood carrier by pulmonary circuit to the lungs where it picks up oxygen and drops off carbon dioxide
        
        Systemic circuit sends oxygen rich blood to all cells where it drops oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide.
- - - - Base lies beneath second rib
        
        Apex extends to fifth intercostal space
        
        Coverings of heart:
        
        Pericardium- membranous sac that encloses heart. It cons. Of 2 layers.
        
        Inner more delicate double layered serious pericardium which consists of: parietal pericardium, outer layer of serous membrane that covers heart
- - - - Myocardium: middle layer; cons. Of cardiac muscle and is thickest layer of heart wall; pumps blood out of chambers
        
        Endocardium: inner layer; made up of CT and epithelium; continuous with the endothelium of major vessels joining the heart; contains purkinje fibers (part of cardiac conduction sys)
- - - - Blood flow between heart and lungs system circuit
        
        Blood flow between heart and body tissues.
- - - - Wall of arteries 3 layers-
        tunicate interna: innermost endothelial layer composed of simple squamous epithelium, creates a smooth surface to prevent clots; secretes bio chemicals to prevent platelet aggregation; secretes substances to reg blood flow
        Tunica media: thick middle layer composed of smooth muscle.
        Tunica externa: outermost connective tissue layer, relatively thin: attaches artery to surrounding tissues.
        
        Capillaries: blood vessels with smallest diameter, connect small arterioles to small venues, consists only of a layer of endotheliu, through which substances are exchanged with tissue cells (diffusion)
- - - - Components of ecg:
        p wave- first wave which corresponds to depolarization of atria.
        QRS complex: corresponds to the depolarization of the ventricles which leads to contraction of ventricles; the repolarization of the atria occurs during QRS complex, but is hidden behind larger ventricular event.
        T wave: corresponds to ventricular repolarization and leads to ventricular relaxation.
- - - - Pulmonary artery/trunk
        
        Pulmonary vein
- - - - Peripheral artery disease:
        Desc: arteries narrows and reduce blood flow to extremities.
        Causes/risk factors: artherosclerosis, blood flow inflammation, limb trauma.
        Symptoms: leg and arm pain, intermittent cladication, weak pulse.
        Treatment: meds, lifestyle changes, bypass surgery.
        
        Endocarditis & Myocarditis:
        Desc: inflammation to heart.
        Cause/risks: virus, bacterial fungus infection. Allergic reaction to meds and recent surgery.
        Symptoms: Heart palpitations, chest pain, fatigue.
        Treatment: antibiotics, meds, pacemaker implantation.
        
        Congenital heart disease:
        Desc: issue with heart structure and/or function present from birth
        Causes/risks:hereditary and includes
        -tetralogy of fallout
        -tricuspid atresia
        —aortic stenosis
        symptoms: dependent on condition, cyanosis common, may cause death
        Treatment: medication, surgical intervention,some abnormalities may heal on their own.