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CARBOHYDRATES - Coggle Diagram
CARBOHYDRATES
to know:
composed by C, H e O
the simpler is glucose
1 carbohydrates = 4 kcal
general formula: Cx(H2O)y
functions
energetic
structural
signal
excretion
classification based on
number of sugar unit
number of C atoms
C=O localization
stereochemistry
racemic mixtures = mixture with equal amount of the. two enantiomers
Fisher Projection = horizontal so outside vs vertical so inside
NOMENCLATURE:
ASSIGNED DEPENDING ON IN WHAT POSITION IS THE -OH IN THE LAST CARBON
MONOSACCHARIDES
(polyhydroxy)ketose
(polyhydroxy)aldose
Addition reaction: - alcohol + aldehyde = hemiacetal - alcohol + ketone = hemiketal
in water switch to cyclic form
alfa glucose below the ring
beta glucose above the ring
cyclic form of the aldose is in equilibrium with the open chain form
reactions
oxidation to uronic acid
reduction to alditols