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B4 (Photosynthesis, Respiration, Metabolism, 4 Uses of Glucose in Plants,…
B4
Photosynthesis
An endothermic reaction in which energy is transferred to chloroplasts from the environment by light.
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Respiration
The process of transferring energy from glucose. It's an exothermic reaction that goes on continuously in living cells.
The energy transferred is used for all living processes:-
- To contract muscles for movement
- To keep warm
- To build up larger molecules from smaller ones
Metabolism
The sum of all the reactions that happen in a single cell or the body. Metabolic reactions use energy from respiration to make new molecules.
- Glucose and nitrate ions combine to make amino acids, then made into proteins.
- Lipids broken down into glycerol and fatty acids.
- Glucose molecules joined together to make bigger carbs.
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Rate of Photosynthesis
- Light Intensity
- Temperature
- Carbon Dioxide Concentration
- Amount of Chlorophyll
Greenhouses
You can control limiting factors in a greenhouse to maximise the rate of photosynthesis, but this costs money.
Oxygen Debt
The amount of extra oxygen needed to react with built-up lactic acid and remove it from cells.
During vigorous exercise, not enough oxygen is supplied to the muscles.
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Anaerobic Respiration - Respiration without oxygen. It transferrers much less energy then aerobic respiration because glucose isn't fully oxidised.