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Travelers diarrea - Coggle Diagram
Travelers diarrea
Epidemiology
Highest risk of infection it's in the first week
Activities like: buying food from the street, traveling to visit friends and relatives.
Clinical manifestations include:
Malaise, anorexia and abdominal cramps followed by diarrhea, nause and vomiting may also occur in some cases
Most frequently found in Latin América, Africa and Asia
pathogens that cause it
Bacteria
Enterotoxigenix Escherichia coli, Enteroaggregative E. coli, Campylobacter jejune, Salmonella species, Shigella species, Clostridioides difficile, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophilic, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Yersinia enterocolitica
Virus
Rotavirus, Norovirus, Enteric adenovirus
Parasites
Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Microsporidia, Cystoisospora belli, Entamoeba Histolytica
Treatment
Oral hydration to compensate the nutrients lost during the diarrea
Antibiotic that are usually used are Fluoroquinolones and Azithromycin for 3-5 days
Probiotics that help restore the normal bacterial flora of the intestinal trac
Recomendations to prevent it
Avoid eating outside where it's unknown where the food comes from, drinking water from the sink, avoid raw meat, avoid swiming in poluted waters.
Chemoprophylaxis
For enterophatogens other than campylobacter jejuni we can give Ciprofloxacin
For campylobacter or salmonella we use Rifaximin